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بررسی محتوای اسانس و خاصیت پاداکسایشی اکوتیپهای مختلف مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| دوره 41، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 126، دی 1404، صفحه 625-640 اصل مقاله (1.54 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.368454.3516 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهزاد امیدپور1؛ علی اصغر حاتم نیا* 2؛ نیر محمدخانی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زیستشناسی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زیستشناسی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران، | ||
| 3دانشیار، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge) گیاهی از خانواده نعناع (Lamiaceae) است که حاوی ترکیبهای ارزشمندی مانند تیمول، پارا-سیمین و کارواکرول میباشد. در ایران 16 گونه گیاهی معطر از جنس مرزه رشد میکنند. در این مطالعه اکوتیپهای مختلف مرزه بختیاری از استانهای ایلام، کرمانشاه، کردستان و آذربایجانغربی جمعآوری شدند. از آنجایی که عوامل اکولوژیکی و محیطی بر کمیت و کیفیت ترکیبهای فیتوشیمیایی موجود در گیاهان معطر تأثیر دارند، ازاینرو در این پژوهش به بررسی و مقایسه ترکیبهای فیتوشیمیایی و خواص پاداکسایشی اسانس مرزه بختیاری در رویشگاههای مختلف پرداخته شد. مواد و روشها: نمونهها در فصل گلدهی از رویشگاههای مختلف با شرایط اکولوژیکی متفاوت در استانهای ایلام، کرمانشاه، کردستان و آذربایجانغربی جمعآوری شدند. برای عصارهگیری و اسانسگیری از پودر نمونههای خشک شده استفاده شد. سنجش محتوای فنول، فلاونوئید، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانتی کل و ظرفیت جاروبکنندگی رادیکالهای DPPH عصارهها با استفاده از روش اسپکتروفتومتری انجام شد. اسانسگیری به روش تقطیر با آب و مطالعه کمی و کیفی اسانس نیز با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیفسنج جرمی (GC-MS) انجام گردید. نتایج: دادهها نشان داد که عصاره نمونههای جمعآوری شده از بانه و گیلانغرب بهترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین میزان محتوای فنول (4.648 و 2.034 میلیگرم اسید گالیک/ گرم ماده خشک) و فلاونوئید (0.164 و 0.090 میلیگرم کوئرستین/ گرم ماده خشک) بودهاند. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت پاداکسایشی بهترتیب در نمونههای بانه (42.67 درصد) و گیلانغرب (27.06 درصد) مشاهده گردید. بیشترین ظرفیت جمعآوری رادیکال DPPH (درصد بازدارندگی) در نمونههای جمعآوری شده از بانه (43.16 درصد) و کمترین میزان ظرفیت جمعآوری رادیکال DPPH مربوط به نمونههای جمعآوری شده از گیلانغرب (31.87 درصد) بود. همبستگی مثبت معنیداری (0.9<r) در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بین محتوای فنول کل با ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی و درصد بازدارندگی DPPH و بین ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی و درصد بازدارندگی DPPH مشاهده گردید. بین محتوای فلاونوئید کل با ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی و درصد بازدارندگی DPPH و بین محتوای فنول کل و محتوای فلاونوئید کل همبستگی مثبت معنیداری 0.875=r) در سطح احتمال 1 درصد مشاهده شد. ترکیبهای اصلی اسانس مرزه بختیاری شامل تیمول، پارا-سیمن و گاما-ترپینن بود که میزان آنها در مناطق مختلف متفاوت بود. مقایسه ترکیبهای متشکله اسانس مرزه بختیاری در رویشگاههای مورد مطالعه نشان داد که در چهار رویشگاه تیمول ترکیب اصلی بوده (28.8 تا 42.7 درصد) و در رویشگاه میاندوآب، پارا-سیمن (35.2 درصد) ترکیب اصلی میباشد. نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که بین ترکیب تیمول (ترکیب اصلی اسانس) با محتوای فلاونوئید کل، ظرفیت پاداکسایشی و ظرفیت جمعآوری رادیکال DPPH همبستگی منفی و معنیداری بود، البته بین تیمول و محتوای فنول کل نیز همبستگی منفی وجود دارد ولی با این حال این همبستگی معنیدار نبود. بیشترین و کمترین میزان بازدهی اسانس در نمونههای جمعآوری شده از میاندوآب (2.75 درصد) و بانه (0.87 درصد) مشاهده شد. نتیجهگیری: مشاهدات ما نشان داد که ترکیبهای اصلی اسانس مرزه بختیاری جمعآوری شده در مناطق مختلف با شرایط اکولوژیکی مختلف شامل تیمول، پارا-سیمن و گاما-ترپینن بود که میزان آنها در مناطق مختلف متفاوت بودند. بهطورکلی بازدهی اسانس و میزان کمی و کیفی ترکیبهای اسانس به عوامل اکولوژیکی و محیطی وابسته میباشد که میتوانند روی میزان ترکیبهای اسانس گیاهان تأثیر بگذارند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مرزه بختیاری؛ ترکیبهای فنول؛ ظرفیت پاداکسایشی؛ اسانس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of essential oil content and composition, and antioxidant properties of different ecotypes of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Behzad Omidpour1؛ Ali Asghar Hatamnia2؛ Nayer Mohammadkhani3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. student, Department of Biology, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Biology, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran | ||
| 3Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objective: Satureja bachtiarica belongs to the Lamiaceae family and contains valuable compounds such as thymol, p-cymene, and carvacrol. Sixteen aromatic plant species of the genus Satureja grow in Iran. In this study, different ecotypes of S. bachtiarica were collected from Ilam, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, and West Azerbaijan provinces. Since ecological and environmental factors influence the quantity and quality of phytochemical compounds in aromatic plants, this research investigated and compared the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of S. bachtiarica essential oil across different habitats. Methodology: Samples were collected during the flowering season from various habitats with distinct ecological conditions in the provinces of Ilam, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, and West Azerbaijan. Dried plant powder was used for extraction and essential oil isolation. Total phenol, flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oil were conducted using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: The data showed that extracts of samples collected from Baneh and Gilan-e-Gharb had the highest and lowest phenolic content (4.648 and 2.034 mg gallic acid/g dry weight) and flavonoid content (0.164 and 0.090 mg quercetin/g dry weight), respectively. Likewise, the highest and lowest antioxidant activity were recorded in the Baneh (42.67%) and Gilan-e-Gharb (27.06%) samples, respectively. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging capacity (percentage inhibition) was observed in samples from Baneh (43.16%), while the weakest was found in samples from Gilan-e-Gharb (31.87%). A significant positive correlation (r > 0.9) at the 1% probability level was detected between total phenol content and both antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging capacity, as well as between antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. A significant positive correlation (r > 0.875) at the 1% probability level was also observed between total flavonoid content and both antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging capacity, in addition to a significant correlation between total phenol and total flavonoid content. The main constituents of S. bachtiarica essential oil included thymol, p-cymene, and gamma-terpinene, with their levels varying by region. Comparison of essential oil components in the studied habitats indicated that thymol (28.8-42.78%) was the dominant compound in four of the habitats, whereas p-cymene (35.2%) was the major constituent in the Miandoab habitat. Correlation analysis revealed a negative and significant relationship between thymol (the principal essential oil component) and total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Although thymol also showed a negative correlation with total phenol content, this correlation was not significant. The highest and lowest essential oil yields were observed in samples collected from Miandoab (2.75%) and Baneh (0.87%), respectively. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the principal components of S. bachtiarica essential oil collected from regions with varying ecological conditions include thymol, p-cymene, and gamma-terpinene, with their levels differing across habitats. Overall, essential oil yield and the quantitative and qualitative composition of essential oil constituents depend on ecological and environmental factors, which play a crucial role in shaping the phytochemical characteristics of aromatic plants. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, essential oil | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 43 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 54 |
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