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بررسی اثر سه نوع محرک رشد گیاهی بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و پاسخ‌های ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 41، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 124، تیر 1404، صفحه 252-265 اصل مقاله (783.52 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.366129.3454 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیرحسین علیزاده قمصری* 1؛ سید عبدالله حسینی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان آموزش، تحقیقات و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 2استاد پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان آموزش، تحقیقات و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: با توجه به محدودیت‌های به‌کارگیری آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های محرک رشد به دلیل بروز مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی، در دهه‌های اخیر استفاده از محرک‌های رشد گیاهی در صنعت دام و طیور به دلیل اثرهای سودمند بر رشد، ایمنی و وضعیت فیزیولوژیک حیوان مورد توجه ویژه قرار گرفته است. به نظر می‌رسد می‌توان با کمک فناوری‌های جدید (مانند نانوکپسولاسیون) مقدار مصرف اسانس‌های گیاهی در محصولات تجاری را اقتصادی کرده و ضمن بهبود عملکرد، هزینه خوراک را نیز کاهش داد. ازاین‌رو، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر سه محرک رشد گیاهی تجاری بر عملکرد، هزینه خوراک مصرفی به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده، خصوصیات لاشه و پاسخ‌های ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: شش‌صد قطعه جوجه گوشتی یک‌روزه سویه راس 308 (مخلوط دو جنس با نسبت مساوی) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار و چهار تکرار 30 قطعه‌ای استفاده شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد (فاقد افزودنی)، 2) جیره حاوی آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین (100 گرم در تن خوراک) به عنوان کنترل مثبت و 3 تا 5) جیره‌های حاوی نوی‌هرب®، نوی‌گرو® و نوی‌هرب‌پلاس® (هریک به میزان 100 گرم در تن خوراک) بودند. نوی‌هرب® حاوی اسانس آویشن ( Thymus vulgaris)، زنیان (Trachyspermum ammi)، پونه کوهی (Origanum vulgare) و فرم نانوکپسوله کیتوزان و نوی‌گرو® حاوی اسیدهای آلی (اسیدلاکتیک، اسید فرمیک)، پری‌بیوتیک (لاکتوز + دیواره سلولی مخمر) و برخی ترکیبات گیاهی شامل: پودر سیر (Allium sativum)، پودر زردچوبه (Curcuma longa) و پودر دارچین (Cinnamomum verum) بود. نوی‌هرب‌پلاس® علاوه بر اجزای موجود در نوی‌هرب® دارای اسانس لیمو (Citrus limon) و دیواره سلولی مخمر نیز بود. برنامه واکسیناسیون مطابق توصیه دامپزشک محلی انجام شد. مقدار خوراک مصرفی، وزن بدن، ماندگاری، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، شاخص تولید و هزینه خوراک مصرفی به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده در دوره 1 تا 42 روزگی محاسبه شد. در سن 42 روزگی، از سه پرنده به ازای هر تکرار به منظور شمارش تفریقی گلبول‌های سفید و نیز ارزیابی تیتر آنتی‌بادی در پاسخ به تزریق واکسن نیوکاسل و آنفلوآنزا خون‌گیری به‌عمل‌آمد. در این سن همچنین چهار پرنده از هر تکرار (نزدیک به میانگین وزن تکرار) کشتار شده و پس از توزین و پرکنی، درصد لاشه و وزن نسبی اجزای بدن (شامل: سینه، ران، گردن و پشت) و اندام‌ها (شامل: کبد، قلب، سنگدان، طحال، بورس فابریسیوس، کیسه صفرا، پیش معده) و نیز چربی حفره بطنی محاسبه شد. نتایج: افزودن محرک‌های رشد گیاهی مورد ارزیابی به جیره سبب بهبود معنی‌دار وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در سن 42 روزگی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد شد (0.05<P). درصد ماندگاری، شاخص تولید اروپایی و هزینه خوراک مصرفی به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (0.05<P)؛ با این حال، افزودن نوی‌هرب®، نوی‌گرو® و نوی‌هرب‌پلاس® به جیره، هزینه خوراک را به‌ترتیب به میزان 4.8، 4.1 و 2.7 درصد در مقایسه با گروه شاهد و به میزان 3.5، 2.8 و 1.4 درصد در مقایسه با گروه مصرف‌کننده ویرجینیامایسین کاهش داد. از میان صفاتی مانند وزن نسبی لاشه، اجزای بدن و اندام‌ها، تنها وزن نسبی چربی حفره بطنی به دنبال افزودن محرک‌های رشد گیاهی مورد ارزیابی به جیره کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان داد (0.05<P). در عین حال، تیمارهای آزمایشی اثر معنی‌داری بر درصد هتروفیل، درصد لنفوسیت، نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت و تیتر آنتی‌بادی در پاسخ به تزریق واکسن نیوکاسل و آنفلوآنزا نداشتند (0.05<P). نتیجه‌گیری: براساس این نتایج، محرک‌های رشد گیاهی مورد ارزیابی توانستند با بهبود عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی در عین کاهش عددی هزینه خوراک مصرفی به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده، جایگزین مناسبی برای آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| محرک رشد گیاهی؛ ضریب تبدیل غذایی؛ جوجه گوشتی؛ هزینه خوراک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of three plant growth promoters on performance, carcass traits, and immune responses of broiler chickens | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Amir Hossein Alizadeh Ghamsari1؛ Seyed Abdullah Hosseini2 | ||
| 1Research associate, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), | ||
| 2-Research Professor, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Considering the limitations on the use of growth-promoting antibiotics due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the use of plant-based growth promoters in the livestock and poultry industries has garnered significant attention in recent decades. These alternatives are recognized for their beneficial effects on animal growth, immune function, and physiological status. It appears that with new technologies such as nanoencapsulation, the application of plant essential oils in commercial products can become more cost-effective while enhancing performance and reducing feed costs. Therefore, this experiment investigated the effects of three commercial plant growth promoters on performance, feeding cost per kilogram of live body weight, carcass characteristics, and immune responses in broiler chickens. Methodology: randomized design comprising five treatments with four replicates of 30 birds each. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) a control diet (no additive), 2) a diet containing Virginiamycin (100 g per ton of feed) as a positive control, and 3 to 5) diets containing Novi-Herb®, Novi-Grow®, and Novi-Herb+® (each at 100 grams per ton of feed). Novi-Herb® included essential oils from thyme (Thymus vulgaris), ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), and oregano (Origanum vulgare), along with a nanocapsulated form of chitosan. Novi-Grow® contained organic acids (lactic and formic acid), prebiotics (lactose and yeast cell wall), and plant-based compounds such as garlic powder (Allium sativum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa), and cinnamon powder (Cinnamomum verum). Novi-Herb+® combines essential oils of lemon (Citrus limon) and yeast cell wall with other ingredients found in Novi-Herb®. Recommendations from the local veterinarian implemented the vaccination program. Data was collected on feed intake, body weight, livability, feed conversion ratio, production index, and feeding cost per kilogram of live body weight from day 1 to 42. On day 42, blood samples were taken from three birds per replicate to perform differential white blood cell counts and evaluate antibody titers against Newcastle and Influenza vaccines. Additionally, four birds per replicate, selected based on average body weight, were slaughtered. After weighing and stuffing, carcass yield and the relative weights of body components (breast, thigh, neck, back) and internal organs (liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, gall bladder, and proventriculus), as well as abdominal fat, were measured. Results: Including the evaluated plant growth promoters in the diet significantly improved body weight and feed conversion ratio at 42 days of age compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of the treatments on livability, the European production index, or feed cost per kilogram of live body weight (P > 0.05). However, the use of Novi-Herb®, Novi-Grow®, and Novi-Herb+® led to cost reductions of 4.8%, 4.1%, and 2.7%, respectively, compared to the control group, and 3.5%, 2.8%, and 1.4%, respectively, compared to the Virginiamycin group. Among the measured traits, only the relative weight of abdominal fat showed a significant decrease with the inclusion of the plant-based growth promoters (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect the percentage of heterophils, lymphocytes, the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, or antibody titers in response to Newcastle and Influenza vaccine injections (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, the evaluated plant growth promoters can serve as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters by improving broiler performance and numerically reducing feed cost per kilogram of live body weight. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| plant growth promoter, feed conversion ratio, broiler, feed cost | ||
| مراجع | ||
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