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بررسی رویشگاه‌ها و الگوی پاسخ گونه مرتعی شور البرزی (Salsola kerneri (Wol) Botsch.) به عوامل محیطی در مراتع استان مازندران | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 29، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 89، دی 1401، صفحه 513-529 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2022.128068 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن قلیچ نیا* 1؛ حمید رضا میرداودی2؛ علی چراتی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اراک، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شناخت ویژگی‌های اکولوژیکی گونه‌های‌گیاهی و چگونگی عکس‌العمل آنها به عوامل محیطی، اطلاعات لازم را برای مدیریت پوشش‌گیاهی و اصلاح مراتع، فراهم می‌آورد. به دلیل اهمیت گونه شور البرزی (Salsola kerneri (Wol) Botsch.) در حفاظت خاک و تولید علوفه، در مقاله حاضر، به مطالعه نیازهای اکولوژیک آن با تاکید بر تعیین عوامل اکولوژیک مؤثر بر تغییرات پوشش‌گیاهی و بررسی پاسخ این گونه به تغییرات عوامل اکولوژیکی، با استفاده از روش آنالیز تطبیقی‌متعارفی (Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA) و مدل‌جمعی تعمیم‌یافته (Generalized Additive Models, GAM) در استان مازندران پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز تطبیقی متعارفی نشان داد که عوامل محیطی مثل درصد رس، شن خاک، جهت جغرافیایی، اسیدیته، درصد رطوبت اشباع، درصد ماده آلی، درصد آهک خاک و متوسط درجه حرارت سالیانه در رویشگاههای مورد مطالعه سالیانه، به‌ترتیب با بیان 3/10، 8/2، 1/4، 3/3، 6/1، 4/1، 3/1 و 4/1 درصد از واریانس موجود در ترکیب گیاهی، نقش مهمی در تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در رویشگاههای مورد مطالعه داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که پاسخ گونه S. kerneri به درصد ماده آلی، درصد کربن آلی، درصد ازت خاک و درصد لاشبرگ سطح خاک از مدل کاهشی (Monotonic decrease) پیروی می‌کند. الگوی پاسخ این گونه به درصد رس، وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک، ارتفاع از سطح دریا، میانگین دمای سالانه و میزان پتاسیم و فسفر خاک از مدل زنگوله‌ای (Unimodal) پیروی کرده و حد بهینه رشد آن برای هر یک از این عوامل به ترتیب 11 درصد، 1/1 گرم بر سانتیمتر مکعب، 1700 متر، 5/12 درجه سانتیگراد،700 و 5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بود. عکس‌العمل گونه به جهت‌جغرافیایی، به گونه‌ای است که در شیب‌های شرقی بیشترین درصد پوشش گیاهی و در شیب‌های شمال شرقی کمترین حضور را دارد. در اراضی با شیب زیاد تا نسبتاً زیاد پراکنش داشته ولی در شیب‌های 50-40 درصد دارای عملکرد بهتری است، هر چند که پاسخ گونه به این عامل معنی‌دار نبود. پاسخ گونه به درصد شن و سیلت خاک و همچنین درصد سنگ و سنگریزه از مدل دو نمایی (Bimodal) پیروی کرد. مطالعه عکس العمل گیاه شور البرزی در امتداد شیب عوامل توپوگرافی و خاک، اطلاعات ارزشمندی برای تعیین نیازهای اکولوژیکی این گونه ارائه داد که می‌تواند در عملیات اصلاح مراتع در مناطق مشابه، مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رسته‌بندی؛ شور البرزی؛ عوامل اکولوژیک؛ مدل‌جمعی تعمیم‌یافته؛ منحنی‌پاسخ گونه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The study of habitats and response pattern of Salsola kerneri (Wol) Botsch. to environmental factors in rangelands of Mazandaran province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hassan Ghelichnia1؛ Hamidreza Mirdavoudi2؛ Ali Cherati3 | ||
| 1The study of habitats and response pattern of Salsola kerneri (Wol) Botsch. to environmental factors in rangelands of Mazandaran province | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research Department. Markazi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor Professor, Soil and Water Research Department. Mazandaran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Understanding the ecological characteristics of plant species and how they respond to environmental factors provides information necessary for vegetation management and rangeland management. Therefore, in the present study, the ecological needs of the species Salsola kerneri (Wol) Botsch with emphasis on determining the ecological factors affecting vegetation changes and investigating the response of these species to ecological factors changes using Canonical Correspondona Analysis (CCA) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) in Mazandaran province were discussed. Data were analyzed using SPSS17 and CANOC 4.5 software. The results showed that S.kerneri showed a significant response to some of environmental factors in its habitat. The response pattern of S.kerneri along the Ec, pH and Tnv (Lime) followed the monotonic increase model and increased with increasing values, abundance and percentage of vegetation. Therefore, with the increase of these factors in a certain range, the coverage percentage of this species increases. The response of this species along the pH of soil followed the monotonic increase model and by increasing this factor, the presence and percentage of vegetation decreased. The response of this species along the organic matter (%) of organic carbon (%), nitrogen (%) and litter%) followed the monotonic decrease model and by increasing this factor, the presence and percentage of vegetation decreased. The response pattern of S.kerneri along the clay (%),soil specific gravity, Altitude of sea, mean annual temperature, potassium (ppm) and phosphorus (ppm) followed the unimodal model and its optimum growth rate for these factors were 11%, 1.1 g/cm3,13C°,1700m,12.5°C, 700 ppm and 5 ppm respectively. It grows in lands with low to relatively high slopes, but it has more abundance in slopes of 40-50%. The highest cover percentage of this species in the eastern slopes and the lowest in the northeastern slopes. The stone (%), sand (%) and silt (%) response also followed the bimodal model. The study of this species response curve along the slope of topographic and soil factors provided valuable information to determine the ecological needs of this species that can be considered in rangeland improvement operations in similar areas. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ecological factors, Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Ordination, Response curve, Salsola kerneri | ||
| مراجع | ||
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