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بهینه سازی ریزپوشانی عصاره پوماس سیب و بررسی خواص ضدمیکروبی آن در مدل غذایی (کیک روغنی) | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی | ||
| دوره 20، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 71، اسفند 1400، صفحه 31-48 اصل مقاله (1.65 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/fooder.2020.342811.1267 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پروین شرایعی* 1؛ الهام آذرپژوه2 | ||
| 1دانشیار. بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر با هدف استفاده بهینه از پوماس سیب به عنوان پسماند کشاورزی و کارخانه‌های تولید آب سیب اجرا شد. بدین منظور ابتدا عصاره پوماس سیب با روش آب تحت بحرانی (دمای استخراج 137 درجه سلسیوس، زمان استخراج 29.91 دقیقه و نسبت آب به پوماس 31 میلی‌لیتر بر گرم) استخراج و پس از آن با استفاده از دیواره‌های مختلف (مالتودکسترین با دکستروزاکی‌والان‌های معادل 7 و 20 و پکتین) و روش خشک‌کردن انجمادی ریزپوشانی شد. برای طراحی ترکیب دیواره‌ها از نرم‌افزار سطح پاسخ استفاده شد و شبکه یک‌طرفه با نقاط محوری ارتقا یافته در طرح مخلوط (14 ترکیب دیواره) طراحی گردید. ارزیابی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی ریزکپسول‌ها (میزان رطوبت، راندمان ریزپوشانی، ترکیبات فنلی‌کل، قدرت ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی) نشان داد که استفاده از مخلوط دیواره‌های مالتودکسترین و پکتین تا نقطه مرکزی طرح مثلثی (33/33 درصد)، نسبت به استفاده از دیواره‌ها به تنهایی، باعث بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی می‌شود. بهینه‌یابی غلظت دیواره‌های مختلف برای ریزپوشانی عصاره پوماس سیب با استفاده از بهینه‌یابی عددی و نموداری مشخص کرد که ترکیب دیواره بهینه حاوی 33.41 درصد دیواره مالتودکسترین با دکستروزاکی‌والان 7، 35.84 درصد دیواره پکتین و30.75 درصد دیواره مالتودکسترین با دکستروزاکی‌والان 20 است. تأثیر عصاره آزاد (با غلظت 300 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و ریزپوشانی شده بهینه (با غلظت 3000 و 4500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بر خصوصیات حسی (عطر و طعم، رنگ و پذیرش کلی) و میکروبی (تعداد کل کپک و مخمر) کیک روغنی، در مقایسه با نگهدارنده سنتزی سوربات پتاسیم (با غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، ارزیابی شد. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد عصاره پوماس سیب قادر به کنترل رشد کپک و مخمر با حفظ خصوصیات حسی در کیک است و کمترین میزان رشد کپک و مخمر بعد از 9 روز نگهداری در شرایط محیطی در نمونه حاوی 4500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر عصاره ریزپوشانی شده مشاهده گردید که معادل اثر نگهدارنده شیمیایی سوربات پتاسیم (100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بود | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ترکیبات فنلی؛ مالتودکسترین؛ پکتین؛ طرح مخلوط | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Optimization of Microencapsulation of Pomace Apple Extract and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Properties in the Food Model (Oily Cake) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Parvin Sharayei1؛ Elham Azarpazhooh2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Asspciate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The present study was carried out with the aim of optimizing the use of apple pomace as an agricultural residue and apple juice factories. To achieve this, pomace apple extract was extracted using the subcritical water method (extraction temperature of 137 C, extraction time of 29.91 minutes, and water to pomace ratio of 31 ml/g), and the product was coated using different walls (maltodextrin with dextrose equivalents of 7 and 20, and pectin) and the freeze-drying method. The design of the wall composition was done using the software of the response surface and one-way network design with augmented axial points in mixture design(14 mixture walls). Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of microcapsules (moisture content, yield of microencapsulation, total phenolic compounds, strength of the antioxidant component) showed that using a mixture of maltodextrin and pectin walls at the central point of the triangular design (33.33 %) improved physicochemical properties more than the walls alone. Optimizing the concentration of different walls for microporous pomace apple extract using numerical optimization and optimization diagram showed that the optimal wall composition contains 33.41% of maltodextrin wall with dextrose equivalent 7, 35.84% of pectin and 30.75% of the maltodextrin wall with dextrose equivalent 20, dextrose. Also, the effects of free extract (with a concentration of 300 mg/l) and microcapsulated extracts with mixing the optimal walls (with concentrations of 3000 and 4500 mg/l) compared with the addition of synthetic preservative of potassium sorbate (100 mg/l) and the control sample (without any additive substance) on the sensory properties (aroma or taste, smell, and overall acceptance), total phenolic and microbial contamination (the total number of mould and yeast) of oily cakes were evaluated. The results showed that the pomace extract was able to control the growth of mould and yeast by maintaining the sensory and phenolic characteristics in the oily cakes, and the lowest growth of yeast and mould after 9 days of storage in environmental conditions was observed in samples containing 4500 mg/l microcapsulated extract that was approximately equivalent to the effect of the chemical preservative potassium sorbate (100 mg/l). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Phenolic compound, Maltodextrin, Pectin, Mixture design | ||
| مراجع | ||
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