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علیزاده قمصری, امیرحسین, حسینی, سید عبداله. (1400). مروری بر استفاده از حشرات در تغذیه طیور، فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 34(131), 167-186. doi: 10.22092/asj.2020.351213.2084
امیرحسین علیزاده قمصری; سید عبداله حسینی. "مروری بر استفاده از حشرات در تغذیه طیور، فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 34, 131, 1400, 167-186. doi: 10.22092/asj.2020.351213.2084
علیزاده قمصری, امیرحسین, حسینی, سید عبداله. (1400). 'مروری بر استفاده از حشرات در تغذیه طیور، فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 34(131), pp. 167-186. doi: 10.22092/asj.2020.351213.2084
علیزاده قمصری, امیرحسین, حسینی, سید عبداله. مروری بر استفاده از حشرات در تغذیه طیور، فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1400; 34(131): 167-186. doi: 10.22092/asj.2020.351213.2084

مروری بر استفاده از حشرات در تغذیه طیور، فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها

علوم دامی
دوره 34، شماره 131، شهریور 1400، صفحه 167-186    اصل مقاله (1.85 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/asj.2020.351213.2084
نویسندگان
امیرحسین علیزاده قمصری* 1؛ سید عبداله حسینی2
1استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
2استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
چکیده
محدودیت منابع خوراکی در سطح جهان و کشور ما، توجه به استفاده از خوراک‌های جایگزین را افزایش داده است. پرورش حشرات یکی از شیوه‌های پیشنهاد شده به منظور ارتقای امنیت غذایی برای انسان و حیوانات است. حشرات به سرعت رشد کرده و تکثیر می شوند و به دلیل خون‌سرد بودن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی مناسبی دارند. آنها همچنین قادرند پس‌ماندهای کشاورزی را به زیست‌توده‌ای با ارزش انرژی و پروتئین مناسب تبدیل نمایند. این مقاله بر معرفی برخی حشرات مورد استفاده در تغذیه طیور (شامل جیرجیرک، میل‌ورم، لارو مگس سرباز سیاه، لارو مگس خانگی، ملخ) و کرم خاکی تمرکز یافته، در ادامه یافته‌های یافته‌های متخصصین تغذیه طیور درباره آنها مرور شده و در انتها به چالش‌های مربوط به ترویج استفاده از حشرات در صنعت طیور اشاره شده است. نتایج پژوهش ها نشانگر سطوح مناسب پروتئین خام (بین 42/1 تا 63/3 درصد) و انرژی قابل متابولسیم (بین 3298 تا 3833 کیلوکالری در کیلوگرم) در حشرات یا لارو مورد بررسی و امکان‌پذیر بودن استفاده از آن در خوراک طیور (به‌طور معمول 5 درصد جیره) بود. برخی نکات که در خصوص چالش‌های پرورش و استفاده از حشرات باید مورد توجه ویژه قرارگیرند شامل تدوین دستورالعمل قانونی برای صدور مجوز پرورش و مصرف حشرات، انتخاب گونه حشره ایمن و مناسب، نوع بستر پرورش و تغذیه، میزان کیتین موجود در اسکلت خارجی و همچنین بازاریابی مناسب و فرهنگ‌سازی در بین پرورش‌دهندگان و مصرف‌کنندگان گوشت طیور هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
حشرات؛ خوراک طیور؛ ارزش غذایی؛ عملکرد
عنوان مقاله [English]
A review of insect utilization in poultry nutrition, opportunities and challenges
نویسندگان [English]
Amir Hossein Alizadeh Ghamsari1؛ sayed abdoullah hosseini2
1Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Animal Science Research Institute, Department of animal nutrition and physiology, Karaj, Iran
2Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
The limitation of feed sources in Iran and all over the world has increased attentions to use alternative feedstuffs. Insect production is one the recommended approaches to improve food security for human and animals. Insects are rapidly grown and proliferated and because of being cold-blooded have appropriate feed conversion ratio. They also can convert agricultural residues into biomass contained proper value of energy and protein. This article has been focused on introduction of some insects used in poultry neutrino (including cricket, mealworm, black soldier fly larva, house fly larva, grasshopper) and earthworm, followed by reviewing the poultry nutritionist’s results about them, and ended up with pointing the challenges regarding to the extension of insect usage in poultry nutrition. The results of the researches indicated the appropriate levels of crude protein (42.1-63.3%) and metabolizable energy (3833-3298 kcal/kg) in evaluated insects or larva and the possibility of using them in poultry feed (commonly 5% of diet). Regarding the challenges of insect production and usage, some points which need especial attention are included: developing legal instructions for authorizing insect production and usage, choosing safe and proper insect species, type of litter and substrate of feeding, the chitin content of exoskeleton, as well as appropriate marketing and cultural education of the poultry farmers and human consumers of the poultry products.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Insects, Nutritional value, Performance, Poultry feed
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