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ارزیابی و مقایسه شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی مراتع مناطق خشک، تحت دو نوع رویکرد مدیریتی اکولوژیک‌محور و اجتماعی- اکولوژیک‌محور (منطقه مورد مطالعه: شهرستان سربیشه خراسان جنوبی) | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 28، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 82، فروردین 1400، صفحه 82-92 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2021.123857 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یاسر قاسمی آریان* 1؛ حسین آذرنیوند2؛ علی طویلی3 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات بیابان، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جستجو در دیدگاه‌های فنی مدیریت منابع‌طبیعی کشور، حکایت از این واقعیت مهم دارد که رویکردهای مدیریتی نقش بسیار مهمی در حفاظت، احیاء و بهره‌برداری پایدار از این منابع دارند. در همین راستا، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی و مقایسه شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی مراتع احیاءشده، تحت دو نوع رویکرد مدیریتی اکولوژیک‌محور و اجتماعی- اکولوژیک‌محور انجام شد. برای این منظور، پروژه بین‌المللی ترسیب کربن و پروژه بیابان‌زدایی دشت سربیشه، به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان دو پروژه با رویکردهای مدیریتی اجتماعی- اکولوژیک‌محور و اکولوژیک‌محور انتخاب گردیدند. سپس در محدوده اجرایی هر پروژه، سه نوع عملیات اصلاحی مرتع شامل بوته‌کاری، احداث هلالی‌آبگیر، بذرکاری و بذرپاشی انتخاب و درصد پوشش‌گیاهی، مقدار تولید علوفه و کربن ترسیب‌یافته در خاک، مبنای ارزیابی و مقایسه قرار گرفتند. پوشش‌گیاهی با روش استقرار ترانسکت خطی، مقدار تولید با روش نمونه‌گیری دوبل و کربن خاک با روش والکلی و بلاک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر متقابل نوع مدیریت و عملیات اصلاحی بر مقدار شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی، اختلاف معنی‌دار را در سطح یک درصد نشان داد. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار شاخص‌ها، در مدیریت اجتماعی اکولوژیک‌محور تحت عملیات بوته‌کاری و کمترین مقدار آن در مدیریت اکولوژیک‌محور، تحت همان فعالیت مشاهده گردید. نتایج بیانگر آن است که ظرفیت‌سازی، نهادسازی و مشارکت واقعی جامعه محلی در تمام مراحل برنامه‌ریزی، اجرا، نظارت و بهره‌برداری از عرصه‌های مذکور، در رویکرد مدیریتی اجتماعی- اکولوژیک‌محور موفقیت بیشتری در ارتقای شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی مرتع به همراه داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی اکولوژیکی؛ مدیریت اکولوژیک‌محور و اجتماعی- اکولوژیک‌محور؛ پروژه بین‌المللی ترسیب کربن؛ خراسان جنوبی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment and comparison of ecological indexes of arid land rangelands under two types of management approaches Ecological-oriented and social-ecological-oriented (Study area: Sarbisheh city in South Khorasan Province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yaser GHasemi Arian1؛ Hosein Azarnivand2؛ Ali Tavili3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountains Region, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountains Region, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The search for the technical perspectives of the country's natural resources management depicts the important fact that management approaches play a very important role in the protection, rehabilitation, and sustainable use of these resources. In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the ecological indicators of rehabilitated rangelands under two types of ecological-oriented and socio-ecological-oriented management approaches. For this purpose, the international carbon sequestration project and the desertification project of Sarbisheh plain were selected as two projects with socio-ecological-oriented and ecological-oriented management approaches, respectively. Then, in the executive scope of each project, three types of rangeland improvement operations, including plantation, crescent construction, seeding, and sowing were selected, and the percentage of vegetation, the amount of forage production, and carbon sequestrated in the soil were the basis for evaluation and comparison. Vegetation was measured by the linear transect placement method, production amount was measured by the double sampling method, and soil carbon was measured by Wallace and Blake method. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the interaction between the type of management and corrective operations on the value of ecological indexes was a significant difference at (p < /em><0.01). The highest value of indexes was observed in social-ecological-oriented management based on plant operations, and the lowest value was observed in ecological-oriented management under the same activity. The results show that capacity building, institutionalization, and real participation of the local community in all stages of planning, implementation, monitoring, and operation of these areas, in the socio-ecological management approach, bring more success in improving the index of ecological rangelands. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ecological assessment, Ecological-oriented and social-ecological-oriented management, international carbon sequestraion project, South Khorasan Province | ||
| مراجع | ||
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