| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,080 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,352 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,614,073 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,632,137 |
ارزیابی سطح مقاومت برخی ژنوتیپ‌های گزینش شده بومی سیب به بیماری آتشک | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 35، شماره 1، خرداد 1398، صفحه 95-108 اصل مقاله (898.74 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spij.2019.120343 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| منصوره کشاورزی* 1؛ سیما دامیار2؛ داریوش آتشکار3؛ مسعود نادرپور4 | ||
| 1دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 2محقق، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 3مربی، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 4دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری آتشک با عامل Erwinia amylovora از خسارت‌زاترین بیماری‌های درختان میوه دانه‌دار از جمله سیب در سراسر جهان است. در این تحقیق سطح مقاومت به بیماری آتشک در 22 رقم و ژنوتیپ منتخب بومی سیب در کنار دو رقم شاهد سیب زرد لبنانی (Golden Delicious) و سیب قرمز لبنانی (Red Delicious) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد گیاهی در تابستان 1392 روی پایه بذری سیب پیوند شدند. نهال‌های پیوندی در زمستان 1393 به گلدان منتقل و در اواسط بهار سال‌های 1394 و 1395 با روش تلقیح سرشاخه در شرایط گلخانه مایه‌زنی شدند. زادمایه شامل مخلوطی از سویه‌های E. amylovoraبا منشا استان‌های البرز، آذربایجان غربی، کردستان و خراسان رضوی بود. پنج هفته پس از مایه‌زنی، شدت بیماری بلایت بر اساس نسبت طول نکروز به طول شاخه تلقیح شده تعیین و ژنوتیپ‌ها در گروه‌های مختلف مقاومتی رده‌بندی شدند. در سال 1394 میانگین شدت بلایت 54/24 درصد بدست آمد که بیشتر از 68/17 درصد در سال 1395 بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که ژنوتیپ بذری (SSB) و رقم محلی شمیرانی تابستانه حساس‌ترین و ژنوتیپ‌های بیگی کنار رودخانه (B-K-KH)، تربتی (T-R1) و کوزه‌ای سلماس (GO-SA) از سطح مقاومت بالاتر برخوردار بودند. در مجموع، ژنوتیپ‌ها در چهار گروه حساس، نیمه حساس، نیمه مقاوم و مقاوم با فراوانی به‌ترتیب 12/4 درصد، 5/12 درصد، 7/21 درصد و 5/62 درصد از کل ژنوتیپ‌ها رده‌بندی شدند. هیچیک از ارقام و ژنوتیپ‌ها در گروه بسیار حساس قرار نگرفتند. بر این اساس، درصد قابل‌توجهی از ژنوتیپ‌های بومی مورد مطالعه که بطور عمده از ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش بودند از سطح مقاومت بالایی به آتشک برخوردار بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیب؛ میوه دانه دار؛ حساسیت؛ زادمایه؛ نکروز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Resistance Level of Some Selected Local Apple Genotypes to Fire Blight Disease | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Keshavarzi1؛ S. Damyar2؛ D. Atashkar3؛ M. Naderpour4 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Researcher (retired), Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Researcher, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Registration and Certification Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is one of the most important diseases of pome fruits worldwide. In this research, the resistance of 24 selected apple genotypes was evaluated using a mixture of four Erwinia amylovora strains collected from Alborz, Kordestan, West Azarbijan and Khorassan Razavi. The plant material was grafted on apple seedlings in 2013. The grafted plants were transferred to the greenhouse and evaluated for fire blight resistance in spring 2015 and 2016- using shoot-tip inoculation method. Five weeks after inoculation, the blight severity were scored and recorded based on the progression of necrotic area on shoots. Based on the results, the fire blight severity was higher in 2015 than 2016 (24.54% and 17.68%, respectively). The results also indicated that seedling (SSB) and Shemirani Tabestaneh (SH2) genotypes were susceptible and three genotypes including Bigi Kenar Roundkhameh (B-K-Kh), Torbati (T-R1) and Kouzehei Salmasi (Go-Sa) were resistant. Genotypes were grouped into four classes including; susceptible (4.35%), moderately susceptible (13.04%), moderately resistant (17.39%) and resistant (65.52%), and there was no highly susceptible genotype. The results showed that most of the local apple genotypes examined in this research were resistant to fibre blight disease. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Apple, pome fruit, susceptibility, inoculum, necrosis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aldwinckle, H. S., and van der Zwet, T. 1979. Recent progress in breeding for firebligth resistance in apples and pears in North America. EPPO Bulletin 9: 13-25
Alizadeh, A., Damyar, S., Hajnajaree, H., Dastgerdi, R., and Mohammad Rezaee, R. 2012. Preiliminary evaluation of vegetative and reproductive characters of local apple germplasm. Research project final report No. 41943, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj (in Persian). Anonymous. 2014. Fireblight disease caused 120 milliard Rials losses to Sedeh orchards.
https://www.farsnews. com/news/13930623001512 Anonymous. 2016. Fireblight (Erwinia amylovora). http://www.plantwise.org.
Baumgartner, I. O., Leumann, L. R., Frey, J. E., Joos, M., Voegele, R. T., and Kellerhals, M. 2012. Breeding apples to withstand infection pressure by fire blight and other diseases. pp. 14-21 In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference of Organic Fruit-Growing, Hohenheim, Germany
Baysal, O., and Zeller, W. 2004. Extract of Hedera helix induces resistance on apple rootstook M26 similar to Acibenzolar-S-methyl against fireblight (Erwinia amylovora). Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 65: 305-315.
Beckerman, J. 2016. Disease susceptibility of common apple cultivars. Purdue University Publication BP-132-W.
Bell, R. L., Quamme, H. A., Layne, R. E. C., and Skirvin, R. M. 1996. Pears. pp. 441-514. In: Janick, J., and Moore, J. N. (eds.) Fruit breeding, Tree and Tropical Fruits (Vol. I). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Cooley, D. R., Autio, W. R., Clements, J. M., Cowgill, W. P., and Spitko, R. 2008. Annual fire blight management programs for apples. University of Massachusetts Extension. Available on: http://www.umass.edu/ fruitadvisor/factsheets/F133.pdf.
Dawoudi, A. 1998. Evaluation of a number of apple and pear cultivars to fire blight disease. M. Sc. Thesis, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. 199 pp (in Persian).
Fischer C., and Fischer, K. 1999. Results on fireblight resistance in Pillnitz apple breeding programme. Acta Horticulturae 489: 279-285.
Fischer, C., and Richter, K. 1993. Breeding for fireblight resistance in apple. Acta Horticulturae 338: 413-414.
Gassmann, J., Hunziker, K., and Kellerhals, M. 2014. Evaluation of traditional pome fruit genetic resources in Switzerland. Acta Horticulturae 1056: 243-245.
Gorgizadeh, N., Keshavarzi, M., Damyar, S., and Naeemi, M. 2015. Reliability of shoot-tip-inoculation method and relative resistance to fireblight in some cultivars and genotypes of apple. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 31: 629-640 (in Persian).
Gusberti, M., Klemn, U., Meier, M. S., Maurhofer, M., and Hunger- Glaser, I. 2015. Fire blight control: the struggle goes on. A comparison of different fire blight control methods in Switzerland with respect to biosafety efficiency and durability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12 (9): 11422-11447.
Gwynne, D. C. 1984. Fire blight in perry pears and cider apples in the south west of England. Acta Horticulturae 151: 41-48.
Hajnajari, H. 2012. Screening 89 apple cultivars for resistance to fire blight disease using USDA syatem in Karaj condition. Crop Protection 26: 261-268 (in Persian)
Hassanzadeh, N., and Keshavarzi, M. 2007. Fireblight in Iran: past and current situation. pp. 132-135. In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Improvement Fruit, Small Fruit, Nuts and Vine Assortment Under Present Management. Belarus.
Hokanson, S. C., Luby, J. J., Djangaliev, A. D., and Aldwinckle, H. S. 1997. Collecting and managing wild Malus germplasm in its center of diversity. Hortscience 32:173-178.
James, J., Luby, P., Alspach, A., Vincent, G. M., and Oraguzie, N. C. 2002. Field resistance to fire blight in a diverse apple (Malus sp.) germplasm collection. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences 127: 245-253.
Janick, J., Cummins, J. N., Brown, S. K., and Hemmat, M. 1996. Apples. pp. 1-77. In: Janick, J., and Moore, J. N. (eds.) Fruit Breeding, Tree and Tropical Fruits (Volume I), John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Kellerhals, M., Baumgartner, I. O., Leumann, L., Lussi, L., Schütz, S., and Patocchi, A. 2014. Breeding high quality apples with fire blight resistance. Acta Horticulturae 1056: 225-230.
Kellerhals, M., Dolega, E., Dilworth, E., Koller, B., and Gessler, C. 2000. Advances in marker-assisted apple breeding. Acta Horticulturae 538: 535-540.
Kielak, K., Sobiczewski, P., and Pulawska, J. 2002. Overwintering of Erwiniaamylovora in naturally and artificially infected apple shoots. Acta Horticulturae 590: 157-162.
Korba, J., Sillerova, J., and Kuidela, V. 2008. Resistance of apple varieties and selections to Erwinia amylovora in the Czech Republic. Plant Protection Sciences 44: 91-96.
Laux, P., and Zeller, W. 2006. Fireblight resistance in extensive pome fruit production in Germany. Acta Horticulturae 704: 531-534.
Le Lezec, M., and Paulin, J. P. 1984. Shoot susceptibility to fire blight of some apple cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 151: 277-287.
Le Lezec, M., Lecomte, P., Laurens, F., and Michelesi, J. C. 1997. Sensibilite varietale au feu bacterian (1re partie). L'Arboriculture Fruitere 503: 57-62.
Lecmote, P., Pauline, J. P., and Billing, E. 1998. Fire blight risk assessment during bloom in an experimental orchard using BIS (Billing's Integrated System). European Journal of Plant Pathology 104: 667-675.
Lespinasse, Y., and Aldwinckle, H. S. 2001. Breeding for resistance to fire blight. Pp. 250-257. In: Vanneste, J. L. (ed.) Fire Blight, the Disease and Its Causative Agent. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Longstroth, M. 2000. The 2000 fire bligth epidemic in southwest Michigan. Michigan State University-extension, Van Buren County. http://www.canr.msu.edu.
Luby, J. J., Alspach, P. A., Bus, V. G. M., and Oraguzie, N. C. 2002. Field resistance to fire blight in a diverse apple (Malus sp.) germplasm collection. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Sciences 127: 245-253.
Maleki Balajoo, O., Keshavarzi, M., Rezaee- Danesh, Y., Damtar, S., and Ghafari, M. 2011. Response of some apple genotypes from local apple collection of Iran to Erwinia amylovora. Seed and Plant Journal 27: 25-36 (in Persian)
Mani, E., Hasler, T., and Charrière, J. D. 1996. How much do bees contribute to the spread of fire blight? Schweizerische Bienen-Zeitung 119: 135-140.
Martínez-Bilbao, A., Ortiz-Barred, A., Montesinos, E., and Murillo, J. 2009. Evaluation of a cider apple germplasm collection of local cultivars from Spain for resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) using a combination of inoculation assays on leaves and shoots. HortScince 44: 1223-1227.
Momol, E. A., Momol, M. T., Norelli, J. L., Beer, S. V., Burr, T. J. and Aldwinckle, H. S. 1999. Relatedness of Erwinia amylovora strains based on amplified 16s- 23s ribosomal DNA restriction enzyme analysis- ARDREA. Acta Horticulturae 489: 55-59.
Norelli, J. L., Jones, A. L., and Aldwinckle, H. S. 2003. Fire blight management in the twenty-first century using new technologies that enhance host resistance in apple. Plant Disease 87: 756-765.
Peil, A., Bus, V. G. M., Geider, K., Richter, K, Flachowsky, H., and Hanke, M.-V. 2009. Improvement of fire blight resistance in apple and pear. International Journal of Plant Breeding 3: 1-27.
Sansavini, S., Belfanti, E., Costa, F., and Donati, F. 2005. European Apple Breeding Programs Turn to Biotechnology. Chronica Horticulturae 45: 16-19.
Szobiczewski, P., Żurawicz, E., Berczyński, S., and Lewandowski, M. 2006. Fire blight susceptibility of new apple cultivars and clones from Poland. Acta Horticulturae 704: 551-556.
Toth, M., Kasa, M., Gonder, M., Honty, K., and Hevesi, M. 2006. First results of fireblight resistance screening in a Hungarian apple breeding program. Acta Horticulturae 704: 345-550.
van der Zwet, T., and Keil, H. L. 1979. Fire Blight: A Bacterial Disease of Rosaceous Plants. In: Agricultural Handbook No. 510. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA, 650 pp.
van der Zwet, T., Orolaza Halbrendt, N., and Zeller, W. 2012. Utilizing Host Resistance to Fire Blight. pp. 227-247. In: Fire blight: history, biology, and management. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, United State of America.
Vanneste, J. L. 2001. Fire blight, the disease and Its causative agent, Erwinia amylovora. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 370 pp.
Zeller, W. 1983. Resistance of pome fruit varieties to fireblight in the Fedral Republic of Germany. Acta Horticulturae 140: 35-42. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 492 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 360 |
||