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بررسی تنوع در منشأ بنه زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) براساس عملکرد گل و ترکیب‌های زیست فعال گلبرگ | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 97، آذر و دی 1398، صفحه 759-773 اصل مقاله (740.03 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2019.125800.2532 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جلال قنبری1؛ غلامرضا خواجویی نژاد* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای زراعت، انجمن پژوهشگران جوان، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOR): 98.1000/1735-0905.1398.35.759.97.5.1576.1711 علاوه‌بر کلاله، سایر قسمت‌های گل زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) ازجمله گلبرگ به‌عنوان محصولات جانبی فرایند تولید زعفران، حاوی ترکیب‌های زیست فعال و آنتی‌اکسیدان بوده که معمولاً بدون استفاده باقی می‌مانند. برای افزایش بهره‌وری این گیاه و همچنین ارزیابی تنوع منشأ بنه از نظر عملکرد گل و ترکیب‌های زیست فعال گلبرگ زعفران، این آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان اجرا شد. در این راستا، بنه‌های مختلف از 9 منطقه ایران (بجستان، استهبان، فردوس، گناباد، نطنز، قائن، سرایان، تربت‌حیدریه و زرند) تهیه و طی سال‌های زراعی 95-1394، 96-1395 و 97-1396 بررسی شدند. نتایج بیانگر وجود ترکیب‌های فنلی بین 24/5-83/2 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزن خشک، ترکیب‌های فلاونوئیدی از 38/0 تا 81/1 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین در گرم وزن خشک و همچنین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در گلبرگ بود. یافته‌ها همچنین نشان داد که صفات مرتبط با گل، ترکیب‌های زیست فعال و قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال‌های آزاد به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر فصل رشد، منشأ بنه و اثر متقابل آنها قرار گرفت. در تمام صفات مورد مطالعه (بجز قدرت احیاءکنندگی)، بنه‌های با منشأ مختلف واکنش متفاوتی به فصل‌های رشد نشان دادند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد، از بنه‌های با منشأ فردوس در فصل‌های رشد اول و سوم و بجستان در فصل رشد دوم بدست آمد. بنه‌های با منشأ بجستان و گناباد به‌دلیل محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید بالا بیشترین (به‌ترتیب با 216 و 217 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و استهبان به‌دلیل میزان پایین ترکیب‌های فنلی و فلاونوئیدی، کمترین قدرت آنتی‌رادیکالی را در فصل رشد 96-1395 نشان دادند. بنه‌های با منشأ فردوس، سرایان، بجستان و گناباد براساس عملکرد و محتوای بالای ترکیب‌های زیست فعال، قائن و استهبان با میزان کم ترکیب‌های زیست فعال و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و نطنز، تربت‌حیدریه و زرند با میزان گلدهی پایین، براساس نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی و تجزیه خوشه‌ای در سه گروه اصلی قرار گرفتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ گلبرگ زعفران؛ محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید؛ منشأ بنه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Variation in corm origin of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) based on flower yield and bioactive compounds in petals | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| J. Ghanbari1؛ Gh. Khajoei-Nejad2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Young Researcher Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In addition to the stigma, other parts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) flower including petals, as by-products of the saffron production process, contain bioactive and antioxidant compounds that are usually left unused. This experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, to increase the productivity of this crop as well as investigate the variation in corm origin in terms of flower yield and bioactive compounds of saffron petals. In this regard, different corms from nine different regions of Iran (Bajestan, Estahban, Ferdows, Gonabad, Natanz, Qaen, Sarayan, Torbate-Heydarieh and Zarand) were evaluated during the three growing seasons of 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18. Based on the results, phenolic compounds ranged from 2.83 to 5.24 mg gallic acid/g dry weight and flavonoid compounds ranged from 0.38 to 1.81 mg quercetin/g dry weight in petals. The results also demonstrated that flower-related traits, bioactive compounds and radical scavenging activity were significantly affected by the growing season, corm origin and their interaction. In all the traits studied (except reducing power ability), corms of different origins showed different responses to the growing season. The highest yield was obtained from the corms of Ferdows in the first and third growing seasons and Bajestan in the second growing season. The corms of Bajestan and Gonabad (the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents) and Estahban (the least phenolic and flavonoid contents) showed, respectively, the highest (216 and 217 mg/L, respectively) and lowest antiradical activity in 2016-17 growing season. The corms of Ferdows, Sarayan, Bajestan, and Gonabad origin based on high yield and bioactive compounds content, Qaen and Estahban due to low bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity, and Natanz, Torbate-Heydarieh and Zarand with the lowest flower production were grouped into three main clusters according to cluster and principal component analyses. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Antioxidant activity, saffron petals, phenol and flavonoid content, corm provenance | ||
| مراجع | ||
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