| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,909 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,812 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,139,815 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 19,712,709 |
اثر شکل فیزیکی جیره های غذایی (آردی، پلت و اکسترود) بر ویژگی های بستر، خصوصیات کیفی پا، سینه و شاخص های استخوان درشت نی در جوجه های گوشتی | ||
| علوم دامی | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 31، شماره 120، آذر 1397، صفحه 159-172 اصل مقاله (1.74 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/asj.2018.116737.1590 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهتاب عزیزیان1؛ علی اصغر ساکی* 2؛ اکبر یعقوبفر3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری تغذیه طیور، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان. | ||
| 2استاد گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان | ||
| 3استاد موسسه علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از تحقیق ارزیابی اثر شکل فیزیکی جیره های غذایی آردی، پلت و اکسترود بر ویژگی‌های بستر، خصوصیات کیفی پا، سینه و شاخص‌های استخوان درشت نی بود. بدین منظور تعداد 936 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یک‌روزه نژاد راس 308 با 3 تیمار آزمایشی و 12 تکرار و 26 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به مدت 6 هفته پرورش داده شد. کیفیت فیزیکی بستر (pH، رطوبت، نیتروژن و ازت فرار) و جمعیت میکروبی بستر (باکتری‌های اسپورزا، قارچ‌ها، باکتری‌های هوازی کل)، ناهنجاری‌های پا و لاشه (لنگش، زخم کف پا، سوختگی مفصل خرگوشی، زخم سینه) و عناصر معدنی (کلسیم و فسفر) و شاخص‌های استخوان درشت نی (طول، قطر، وزن، درصد وزنی، قدرت شکنندگی) در روز 42 روزگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و تلفات به‌صورت روزانه ثبت شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که در تیمار اکسترود درصد رطوبت، نیتروژن و میزان ازت فرار بستر بیشتر و جمعیت باکتری اسپورزا و کل قارچ بستر کمتر از تیمارهای دیگر بوده است . اثر تیمارهای آزمایشی بر درصد زخم کف پا، زخم سینه، کلسیم و فسفر استخوان و شاخص‌های استخوانی درشت نی غیر معنی‌دار بود. درصد سوختگی مفصل خرگوشی و لنگش و تلفات در تیمار اکسترود و پلت بیشتر از تیمار آردی بوده است. بنابراین شکل خوراک پلت و اکسترود در مقایسه با خوراک آردی اثرات منفی روی درصد رطوبت، نیتروژن و میزان ازت فرار بستر و درصد تلفات داشته و باعث افزایش وقوع سوختگی مفصل خرگوشی و لنگش در جوجه های گوشتی گشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جوجه گوشتی؛ شکل خوراک؛ بستر؛ مشکلات پا؛ لاشه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Feed Form (Mash, Pellet and Extrude) on Characteristics of Litter, Quality Characteristics of Foot and Breast and Tibia Bone Indices in Broiler Chicken | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahtab Azizian1؛ Ali asghar Saki2؛ Akbar Yaghobfar3 | ||
| 1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Animal Science, Bu-Ali Sina university, Faculty of Agriculture | ||
| 3Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of the feed form on characteristics of litter, quality characteristics of foot and breast and tibia bone indices in broilers. A total of 936 broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (mash, pellet and extrude) with 12 replicates and 26 day-old chicks in each pen that were reared for 6 weeks. Litter quality (PH, Moisture, Total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and nitrogen retention) values, the counts of the microbial populations (bacterial and fungi), foot and carcass lesions (lameness, footpad lesions, hock burns and breast blisters), calcium and phosphorus content of tibia bone and tibia bone characteristics (length, diameter, weight, weight percent, strength of fragility) were determined at 42 days of age and mortality was recorded daily. The results have shown that the greater percentage of the moisture, TVN, nitrogen and the lower counts of the spore bacteria and fungi of litter were found by extrude diet form. There is no significant difference on footpad dermatitis, breast blister, calcium and phosphorus of bone and tibia bone characteristics, but the higher rate of hock burns, lameness and percentage of the mortality were observed by pellet and extrude diet form compared with mash diet form in broiler chicken. So pellet and extrude diet form have shown negative effects on values of the moisture, TVN, nitrogen of litter and percentage of mortality and increased incidence of hock burn and lameness in broilers compared with mash diet form. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Broiler, Feed form, Litter, Foot disorder, Carcass | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
رضایت، ا.، قیصری، ع.، قلمکاری، غ. و غیور، پ. (1392). اثر سطح مکمل ویتامینه، شکل خوراک و تراکم گله بر شاخص آسایش جوجههای گوشتی سویه آرین. کنگره ملی فناوریهای نوین در علوم دامی. ص 3-1. Al-Homidan, A., Robertson, J.F. and Petchey, A.M. (2003). Review of the effect of ammonia and dust concentrations on broiler performance. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 59: 340-349. Amer, F.M., Soliman, F.N., Bahie El-Deen, M. and El-Sebai, A.(2015).Effect of diet forms and litter types on the production traits of broiler. Egypt poultry science Journal. 35(III): 719-734. Anderson, D.P., Beard, C.W. and Hanson, R.P. (1964). The adverse effects of ammonia on chickens including resistance to infection with Newcastle disease virus. Avian Research. 8: 369-373. AOAC. (1992). Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA. AOAC. (1994). Association of official analytical chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. AOAC, Washington, DC. Atapattu, N.S.B.M. and Wickraramasinghe, K.P. (2007). The use of refused tea as litter material for broiler chickens. Poultry science. 86: 968-972. Berg, C. (2004). Pododermatitis and hock burn in broiler chickens. In: Weeks CA, Butterworth A, editors. Measuring and auditing broiler welfare. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. 37-49. Brake, D.J., Boyle, C.R., Chamblee, T.N., Schultz, C.D. and Peebles, E.D. (1992). Evaluation of the chemical and physical properties of hardwood bark used as a broiler litter material. Poultry Science. 41: 467-472. Bray, T.S. and Lynn, N. J. (1986). Effects of nutrition and drinker design on litter condition and broiler performance. British poultry science. 27: 151-156. Brenes, A., Viveros, A., Centeno, C., Arija, I., and Marzo, F. (2008). Nutritional value of raw and extruded chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for growing chickens. Spanish Journal Agriculture Research. 6: 537 -545. Brickett, K.E., Dahiya, J.P., Classen, H.L. and Gomis, S. (2007). Influence of dietary nutrient density, feed form, and lighting on growth and meat yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 86: 2172-2181. Burgess, R.P., Carey, J.B. and Shafer, D.J. (1998). The impact of pH on nitrogen retention in laboratory analysis of broiler litter. Poultry Science. 77: 1620–1622. Buys, N., Buyse, J., Hassanzadeh, M. and Decuypere, E. (1998). Intermittent lighting reduces the incidence of ascites in broilers: An interaction with protein content of feed on performance and the endocrine system. Poultry Science. 77: 54-61. Caveny, D.D., Quarles, C.L. and Greathouse, G.A. (1981). Atmospheric ammonia and broiler cockerel performance. Poultry Science. 60: 513–516. Choi, J.H., So, B.S., Ryu, K.S. and Kang, S.L. (1986). Effects of pelleted or crumbled diets on the performance and the development of the digestive organs of broilers. Poultry Science. 65(3): 594-597. Davasgaium, M.M. and Boodoo A.A. (1997). Use of bagasse as a potential source of litter material for broiler production AMAS. Food and Agricultural Research Council, Reduit, Mauritius. Do J.C., Choi, I.H. and Nahm, K.H. (2005). Effects of chemically amended litter on broiler performances, atmospheric ammonia concentration, and phosphorus solubility in litter. Poultry Science. 84: 679–686. Engberg, R.M., Hedemann, M.S. and Jensen, B.B. (2002). The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 43: 569–579. Francesch, M. and Brufau, J. (2007). Nutritional factors affecting excreta/litter moisture and quality. World's Poultry Science Journal. 60: 64-75. Galet, C. (1965). The relative value of pellets versus mash and grain in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal. 21: 23–52. Galobart, J. and Moran, E.T. (2005). Influence of stocking density and feed pellet quality on heat stressed broilers from 6 to 8 weeks of age. International Journal Poultry Science. 4: 55-59. Gregory, N.G. and Wilkins, L.J. (1992). Skeletal damage and bone defects during catching and processing. In Poultry Science Symposium. Grimes, J.L., Smith, J. and Williams, C.M. (2002). Some alternative litter materials used for growing broiler and turkeys. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 58: 515-526. Haslam, S.M., Brown, S.N., Wilkins, L.J., Kestin, S.C., Warriss, P.D., Nicol, C.J.(2006). Preliminary study to examine the utility of using foot burn or hock burn to assess aspects of housing conditions for broiler chicken. British Poultry Science. 47: 13-18. Henry, M. H., Pest, G. M., Bakalli, R., lee, J., Toledo, R. T., Eitenmiller, R. R. and Philips, R. D. (2001). The Performance of broiler Chicks fed diets Containing extruded cottonseed meal supplemented with Lysine. Poultry Sciences. 80: 762-768. Hardin, B.E. and Roney, C.S. (1989). Effects of pH on selected bacteria. Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industry Report. Huang, K. and Kenny, M. (2010). Effects of feed texture on broiler biological and economic performance. Aviagen Brief. Huang, K H, De Beer M. (2011). Influence of feed form on intake preference and performance of young broilers. Zoo Technical. 1: 42-45. Huff, W.E., Malone, G.W. and Chaloupka, G.W. (1984). Effect of litter treatment on broiler performance and certain litter quality parameters. Poultry Science. 63: 2167–2171. Julian, R.J. (1998). Rapid growth problems: Ascites and skeletal deformities in broilers. Poultry Science. 77: 1773–1780. Jones, T.A., Donnelly, C.A. and Stamp Dawkins, M. (2005). Environmental and management factors affecting the welfare of chickens on commercial farms in the United Kingdom and Denmark stocked at five densities. Poultry Science. 84: 1155-1165. Khosravinia, H. (2006). Effect of oiling and antimicrobial spray of litter performance of broiler chicken reared on leaves and corn cob bedding materials under heat stress condition. Asian. Australian Journal Animal Science. 19(11): 35-42. Knowles, T.G., and Wilkins, L.J. (1998). The problems of broken bones during handling of laying hens-a review. Poultry Science. 77: 1798–1802. Lacy, M.P. (1991). Litter quality and broiler performance. The University of Georgia College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service, Leaflet, 426. Mc Ward, G.W. and Taylor, D.R. (2000). Acidified clay litter amendment. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 9: 518-529. Mathlouthi, N., Mallet, S., Saulnier, L., Quemener, B. and Larbier, M.(2002(. Effects of xylanase and b-glucanase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility, and physic-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal micro flora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet. Animal Research. 51: 395–406. Martrenchar, A., Boilletot, E., Huonnic, D., Pol, F.(2002). Risk factors for foot-pad dermatitis in chicken and turkey broilers in France. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 22, 52(3-4): 213-26.Mayne, R.K., Else, R. W., Hocking, P. M.(2007). High dietary concentrations of biotin did not prevent foot pad dermatitis in growing turkeys and external scores were poor indicators of histopathological lesions. British poultry science. 48: 291-298. Moritz, J.S., Parsons, A.S., Buchanan, N.P., Calvalcanti, W.B., Cramer, K.R. and Beyer, R.S. (2005). Effect of gelatinizing dietary starch through feed processing on zero- to three-week broiler performance and metabolism. Journal Applied Poultry Research.14: 47- 54. Mutuş, R., Kocabaǧli, N., Alp, M., Acar, N., Eren, M. and Gezen, Ş.Ş. (2006). The effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on tibia bone characteristics and strength in broilers. Poultry science. 85: 1621-1625. Nagaraja, K.V. (1982). Ammonia caused E. coli congestion. Feedstuffs. 54(11):14. Nagaraj, M., Wilson, C.A.P., Saenmahayak, B., Hess, J.B. and Bilgili, S.F. (2007). Efficacy of a litter amendment to reduce pododermatitis in broiler chickens. Journal Applied Poultry Research.16: 255-261. Nakaue, H.S., Koelliker, J.K. andPierson, M.L. (1980). Studies with clinoptilolite in poultry 2. Effect of feeding broilers and the direct application of clinoptilolite (zeolite) on clean and re-used broiler litter on broiler performance and house environment. Poultry Science. 60: 1221–1228. Narahari, D., Thyagarajam, D., Prabakaran, R. and Sundararasu, V., (1997). Effect of dietary energy level and pelleting of feed on the performance of broiler chicks in tropics. Indian journal of animal sciences. 67(3): 255-256. Nir, I., Hillel, R., Ptichi, I. and Shefet, G. (1995). Effect of particle size on performance. 3. Grinding pelleting interactions. Poultry Science. 74: 771–783. Nodar, R. Acea, M. J. and Carballas, T. (1990). Microbial populations of poultry pine-sawdust litter. Biological Wastes. 33: 295-306. Oyetunde, O.O.F., Thomson, R.G. and Carlson, H.C. (1978). Aerosol exposure of ammonia, dust and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. Canadian Veterinary Journal. 19:187-193. Reece, F.N., Bates, B.J. and Lott, B.D. (1979). Ammonia control in broiler houses. Poultry Science. 58:754–760. Reece, F.N., Lott, B.D. and Deaton, J.W. (1985). The effect of feed form, grinding method, energy level, and gender on broiler performance in a moderate (21ºC) environment. Poultry Science. 64: 1834-1839. SAS Institute. INC. (1996) SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 6.12. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc. Shabani, S., Seidavi, Asadpour, L., Corazzin, M. (2015). Effects of physical form of diet and intensity and duration of feed restriction on the growth performance, blood variables, microbial flora, immunity, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens. Livestock science. 180: 150-157. Silva, C. M. G. and Gloria, M. B. A. (2002). Bioactive amines in chicken breast and thigh after slaughter and during storage at 4+1 C and in chicken-based meat products, Food Chemistry. 78: 241–248. Scott, T.A. (2002). Evaluation of lighting programs, diet density, and short-term use of mash as compared to crumbled starter to reduce incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chicks to 35 days of age. Journal Animal Science. 82: 375–383. Taira, K., Nagai, T., Obi, T., Takase, K. (2014). Effect of litter moisture on the development of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. Journal veterinary medical science. 76(4): 583-586. Weeks, C. A., Knowles, T. G., Gordon, R. G. Kerr, A. E., Peyton, S. T., Tilbrook, T. (2002). New method for objectively assessing lameness in broiler chickens. Veterinary Record. 151:762-764. Zikic, D.I., Djukic-Stojcic, M.I., Bjedov, S.I., Peric, L.I., Stojanovic, S.I.and Uscebrka, G.I. (2017). Effect of Litter on Development and Severity of Foot- Pad Dermatitis and Behavior of Broiler Chickens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 19(2): 247-254. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 914 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 561 |
||