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ارزیابی کارایی Bacillus thuringiensis در مهار زیستی دوبالان قارچ خوراکی در آزمایشگاه و مزرعه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 5، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 10، اسفند 1396، صفحه 55-63 اصل مقاله (155.94 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2018.117889 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رسول مرزبان1؛ عزیز شیخی گرجان1؛ محبوبه میرزایی1؛ علی محمدی‌پور1؛ ابراهیم گیلاسیان1؛ رحیم اسلامی زاده2؛ حسین خباز1 | ||
| 1مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد دزفول، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به این‌که دوبالان پوسیده خوار از آفات داﺋمی سالن‌های پرورش قارچ خوراکی هستند، به‌ناچار بهره بردارن از سموم شیمیایی به‌طور مکرر استفاده می‌کنند. کارگران سالن‌های پرورش قارچ و مصرف‌کنندگان قارچ خوراکی همواره در معرض تهدید سموم شیمیایی هستند، لذا معرفی روش‌های غیرشیمیایی و بیولوژیک ضروری است. این پژوهش در قالب دو آزمایش در شرایط آزمایشگاه و مزرعه انجام شد. در آزمایشگاه فرمولاسیون تجاری بایوفلش با ماده مؤثرهBacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis با تعدادی از حشره‌کش‌های رایج روی کمپوست استفاده شد. این آزمایش در آزمایشگاه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار شامل دیفلوبنزورون 75/0 و یک در هزار، بایوفلش یک و دو در هزار، اسپینوساد (Tracer®) 3/0 و 6/0 در هزار و شاهد (آب) با 10 تکرار در روزهای مختلف انجام شد. در شرایط مزرعه با توجه به نتایج آزمایشگاه، آزمایش در سه مرحله، محلول‌پاشی بایوفلش (Bti) یک در هزار روی کمپوست هم‌زمان با تلقیح اسپان، محلول پاشی بایوفلش به میزان 60 میلی‌لیتر در مترمربع روی کمپوست قبل از خاک‌دهی و کاربرد بایوفلش به‌میزان 60 میلی‌لیتر در مترمربع همراه با آب آبیاری شش روز پس از خاک‌دهی انجام شد. هر سه مرحله در قالب آزمون t، بایوفلش با شاهد (روش معمول) مقایسه شد. نتایج آزمایشگاه نشان داد که همه حشره‌کش‌ها می‌توانند در کاهش جمعیت دوبالان خسارت‌زا مؤثر باشند، به‌طوری که میانگین کارایی حشره‌کش‌های دیفلوبنزورون (یک در هزار)، اسپینوساد (6/0 در هزار) و بایوفلش (دو در هزار) روی دوبالان 15 روز پس از تیمار به‌ترتیب 9/67، 2/74 و 9/79 درصد بود که تفاوت معنی‌داری باهم نداشتند. نتایج مزرعه نشان داد که کاربرد بایوفلش همراه با آب آبیاری شش روز پس از خاک‌دهی با 3/79 درصد کارایی، بیشترین تأثیر را دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دوبالان؛ قارچ خوراکی؛ Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis in the biological control of Dipteran pests of mushroom in the laboratory and the farm | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rasoul Marzban1؛ Aziz Shaikhi Garjan1؛ Mahboobeh Mirzay1؛ Ali Mohammadipoor1؛ Ebrahim Gilasian1؛ Rahim Eslamizadeh2؛ Hossein Khabaz1 | ||
| 1Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Safi-Abad, Dezful, AREEO, Dezful, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| As the mushroom dipterans flies are permanent pests of mushroom farms, the growers frequently use the chemical pesticides. Since the mushroom growers and the consumers are always at the risk of chemical pesticides contamination, introducing non-chemical and biological methods is therefore necessary. This research was conducted with two experiments in the mushroom farm conditions. In the first experiment, a commercial formulation (Bioflash®) based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was tested along with a number of common insecticides on composts. First experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with seven treatments including Dimilin® 0.75 & 1 g/l, Bioflash® 1 & 2 ml/l, Tracer® 0.3 & 0.6 g/l and the control (the usual method of controlling flies with oreganophosphate insecticides) each with 10 replications. Based on the results of the first assay, an experiment was conducted in the mushroom farm conditions in three stages including Bioflash® incorporated into compost simultaneously with spawn inoculation, Bioflash® spray in pre-casing and Bioflash® drench into casing in comparison with the control. The results of the first experiment showed that all test insecticides were effective in decreasing the pest population, so that the average efficiencies of Dimilin® (1g/l), Tracer® (0.6 g/l) and Bioflash (2 ml/l) on 15 days after treatment were 67.9%, 74.2% and 79.9%, respectively with no significant difference among them. Farm experiment results showed that the application of Bioflash® drench into casing at six days after casing had the highest efficiency with 79.3% reduction in the population. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| fly pests, mushrooms, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis | ||
| مراجع | ||
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