| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,036 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,971 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,669,780 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 76,684,925 |
تأثیر کودهای زیستی بر میزان و عملکرد اسانس و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه نعناع (Mentha spicata L.) در شرایط کم‌آبیاری | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 81، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 112-125 اصل مقاله (296.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.109716 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اختر زند1؛ حسین آرویی* 2؛ محمدرضا چائی چی3؛ سید حسین نعمتی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خشکی مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولید محصولات زراعی به‌ویژه در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک دنیا می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کود بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس در نعناع (Mentha spicata L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در کرج انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تیمار آبیاری (تأمین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و چهار رژیم کود شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف کود)، کود شیمیایی (اوره و سوپرفسفات‌تریپل)، کود زیستی (ترکیبی از باکتری‌های ازتوباکتر، سودوموناس و قارچ مایکوریزا) و تلفیق کود زیستی+ 50% کود شیمیایی به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که اثرات اصلی و متقابل کم‌آبیاری و کود بر همه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار می‌باشد. با افزایش شدت تنش، میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئید، کلروفیل کل، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد خشک گیاه کاهش و مقادیر کربوهیدرات، پرولین و درصد نشت الکترولیت افزایش یافت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در نظام آبیاری 100% و تأمین 75% نیاز آبی گیاه، کاربرد کود شیمیایی و تلفیقی باعث بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد خشک و درصد و عملکرد اسانس شد و در نظام کم‌آبیاری شدید (تأمین 50% نیاز آبی گیاه)، کاربرد کود زیستی بهتر از سایر کودها عمل کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نعناع (Mentha spicata L.)؛ کم‌آبیاری؛ کود زیستی؛ اسانس؛ پرولین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of bio-fertilizers on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage and yield of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) under deficit irrigation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Zand1؛ H. Aroiee2؛ M.R. Chaichi3؛ S.H. Nemati2 | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water scarcity adversely affects many physiological and metabolic processes of the plants. To study the effects of drought stress and fertilization on some physiological characteristics, essential oil percentage and yield of spearmint, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included three irrigation treatments (100%, 75% and 50% of plant water requirement) as the main plot and four fertilizer regimes including no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer (N+P), bio-fertilizer (rhizome inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and mycorrhiza) and integration of biological fertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer as the sub-plot. The results showed that all traits measured were significantly affected by the main and interaction effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total chlorophyll, percentage and yield of essential oil and yield decreased with increasing water stress while the rate of carbohydrate and proline as well as the electrolyte leakage percentage increased. Furthermore, the results showed that under 100% and 75% irrigation systems, application of chemical and integrated fertilizers improved the physiological characteristics, yield and percentage and yield of essential oil. Under 50% irrigation regime, the best performance was related to bio fertilizer. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.), Deficit Irrigation, bio-fertilizer, essential oil, Proline | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A. and Idowu, O.J., 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27(7): 1163-1181. - Afshar, R.K., Jovini, M.A., Chaichi, M.R. and Hashemi, M., 2014. Grain sorghum response to Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer under deficit irrigation. Agronomy Journal, 106(4): 1212-1218. - Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B.A., Heidari, M., Ramroodi, M. and Mousavinik, M., 2010. Effects of Residual of chemical fertilizer, manure and compost on yield, yield components, some physiological characterestics and essential oil content of Matricaria chamomilla under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(4): 668-676. - Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements- FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO, Rome, 300p. - Alexieva, V., Sergiev, I., Mapelli, S. and Karanov, E., 2001. The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment, 24(12): 1337-1344. - Anjum, F., Yaseen, M., Rasool, E., Wahid, A. and Anjum, S., 2003. Water stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). II. Effect on chemical composition and chlorophyll contents. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 40(1-2): 45-49. - Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23: 112-121. - Baeck, H., Kuenwoo, P., Baeck, H.W. and Park, K.W., 2001. Effect of watering on growth and oil content of sweet basil (Ocimum americanum L.). Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 19(1): 81-86. - Baher, Z.F., Mirza, M., Ghorbanli, M. and Rezaii, M.B., 2002. The influence of water stress on plant height, herbal and essential oil yield and composition in Satueja hortensis L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17(4): 275-277. - Baher Nik, Z., Mirza, M. and Ghaffari, M., 2008. Effect of drought stress on growth and essential oil contents in Parthenium argentatum Gray. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 11(4): 423-429. - Bahreininejad, B., Razmjoo, J. and Mirza, M., 2014. Effect of water stress on productivity and essential oil content and composition of Thymus carmanicus. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(5): 717-725. - Bajji, M., Kinet, J. and Lutts, S., 2002. The use of the electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat. Plant Growth Regulation, 36(1): 61-70. - Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P. and Tear, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207. - Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E. and Fagerstedt, K.V., 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. Annals of Botany, 91: 179-194. - Blum, A. and Ebercon, A., 1980. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Science, 21(1): 43-47. - Caballero, J.I., Verduzco, C.V., Galan, J. and Jimenez, E.S.D., 1988. Proline accumulation as a symptom of drought stress in maize: a tissue differentiation requirement. Journal of Experimental Botany, 39(7): 889-897. - Chaichi, M.R., Nurre, P., Slaven, J. and Rostamza, M., 2015. Surfactant application on yield and irrigation water use efficiency in corn under limited irrigation. Crop Science, 55(1): 386-393. - Dadrasan, M., Chaichi, M.R., Pourbabaee, A.A., Yazdani, D. and Keshavarz Afshar, R., 2015. Deficit irrigation and biological fertilizer influence on yield and trigonelline production of fenugreek. Industrial Crops and Products, 77: 156-162. - Daneshnia, F., Amini, A. and Chaichi, M.R., 2015. Surfactant effect on forage yield and water use efficiency for berseem clover and basil in intercropping and limited irrigation treatments. Agricultural Water Management, 160: 57-63. - Dat, J., Vandenabeele, S., Vranová, E., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D. and Van Breusegem, F., 2000. Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses. Cellular and Molecular Life Science, 57(5): 779-795. - Díaz-López, L., Gimeno, V., Simón, I., Martínez, V., Rodríguez-Ortega, W.M. and García-Sánchez, F., 2012. Jatropha curcas seedlings show a water conservation strategy under drought conditions based on decreasing leaf growth and stomatal conductance. Agricultural Water Management, 105: 48-56. - Fu, J. and Huang, B., 2001. Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45(2): 105-114. - Gadallah, M.A.A., 1995. Effects of water stress, abscisic acid and proline on cotton plants. Journal of Arid Environments, 30(3): 315-325. - Graciano, C., Guiamet, J.J. and Goya, J.F., 2005. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on drought responses in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 212(1-3): 40-49. - Hendawy, S.F. and Khalid, K.A., 2005. Response of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants to zinc application under different salinity levels. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 1(2): 147-155. - Huang, J., Hirji, R., Adam, L., Rozwadowski, K.L., Hammerlindl, J.K., Keller, W.A. and Selvaraj, G., 2000. Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine production toward enhancing stress tolerance in Plants: metabolic limitations. Plant Physiology, 122(3): 747-756. - Jabari, F., Ahmadi, A., Poostini, K. and Alizadeh, H., 2006. Study of relationship of activities of some antioxidant enzymes with cell membrane stability and chlorophyll of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science, 31(2): 307-316. - Jones, H.G. and Tardieu, F., 1998. Modelling water relation of horticultural crops: a review. Scientia Horticulturae, 74(1-2): 21-46. - Khalid, Kh.A., 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil, and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). International Agrophysics, 20(4): 289-296. - Kramer, P.J. and Boyer, J.S., 1995. Water Relations of Plants and Soils. Academic Press, Inc, 482p. - Lal, P., Chhipa, B.R. and Kumar, A., 1993. Salt Affected Soil and Crop Production: A Modern Synthesis. Agro Botanical publishers, India, 375p. - Levitt, J., 1980. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses. Academic Press, New York, 607p. - Lessani, H. and Mojtahedi, M., 2002. Introduction to Plant Physiology (Traslation). Tehran University Press, Iran, 726p. - Malakouti, M.J. and Homaee, M., 2004. Soil Fertility in Arid and Semi-arid Regions “Problems and Solutions”. Tarbiat Modares University Press, Iran, 518p. - Marcum, K.B., 1998. Cell membrane theromotability and whole-plant heat tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Science, 38(5): 1214-1218. - Mirsa, A. and Strivastava, N.K., 2000. Influence of water stress on Japanese mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 7(1): 51-58. - Mohammadkhani, N. and Heidari, R., 2007. Effects of water stress on respiration, photosynthetic pigments and water content in tow Maize cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 10(22): 4022-4028. - Monakhova, O.F. and Chernyadèv, I.I., 2002. Protective role of kartolin-4 in soil drought in wheat plants. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 38(4): 433-440. - Munns, R., 1993. Physiological process limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmass and hypotheses. Plant Cell & Environment, 16(1): 15-24. - Narula, N., Kumar, V., Behl, R.K., Deubel, A., Gransee, A. and Merbach, W., 2000. Effect of P-solubilizin Azotobacter chroococcum on N, P, K uptake in P-responsive wheat genotypes grown under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 163(4): 393-398. - Okwany, R.O., Peters, T.R., Ringer, K.L., Walsh, D.B. and Rubio, M., 2012. Impact of sustained deficit irrigation on spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) biomass production, oil yield, and oil quality. Irrigation Science, 30(3): 213-219. - Omidbaigi, R., 2007. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol 2). Behnashr Press, Iran, 438p. - Ram, D., Ram, M. and Singh, R., 2006. Optimization of water and nitrogen application to menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) through sugarcane trash mulch in a sandy loam soil of semi-arid subtropical climate. Bioresource technology, 97(7): 886-893. - Ravikumar, S., Kathiresan, K., Thadedus Maria Ignatiammal, S., Babu Selvam, M. and Shanthy, S., 2004. Nitrogen fixing azotobacters from mangrove habitat and their utility as marine biofertilizers. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 312(1): 5-17. - Raviv, M., Wallach, R., Silber, A., Medina, S. and Krasnovsky, A., 1999. The effect of hydraulic characteristics of volcanic materials on yield of roses grown in soilless culture. Journal of the American Society for Horticulture Science, 124(2): 205-209. - Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. and Vivekanandan, M., 2004. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161(11): 1189-1202. - Routley, D.G., 1966. Proline accumulation in wilted ladino clover leaves. Crop Science, 6(4): 358-361. - Sabih, F., Abad Farooqi, A.H., Ansari, S.R. and Sharama, S., 1999. Effect of water stress on growth and essential oil metabolism in Cymbopogon martinii (Palmarosa) cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(4):491-496. - Safikhani, F., Heydari sharifabad, H., Syadat, A., Sharifi ashorabadi, A., Syednedjad, M. and Abbaszadeh, B., 2007. The effect of drought stress on percentage and yield of essential oil and physiological characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(1): 86-99. - Sharma, A.K., 2002. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India, 300p. - Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.Sh., 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation, 46(3): 209-221. - Smirnoff, N., 1998. Plant resistance to environmental stress. Current Opinion Biotechnology. 9(2): 214-219. - Solinas, V. and Deiana, S., 1996. Effect of water and nutritional conditions on the Rosmarinus officinalis L. phenolic fraction and essential oil yields. Rivista Italiana Eppos, 19: 189-198. - Sreevalli, Y., Baskaran, K., Chandrashekara, R., kuikkarni, R., Sushil Hasan, S., Samresh, D., Kukre, J., Ashok, A., Sharmr Singh, K., Srikant, S. and Rakesh, T., 2001. Preliminary observations on the effect of irrigation frequency and genotypes on yield and alkaloid concentration in periwinkle. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 22: 356-358. - Sultana, N., Ikeda, T. and Itoh, R., 1999. Effect of Na Cl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 42(3): 211-220. - Sun, X.P., Yan, H.L., Kang, X.Y. and Ma, F.W., 2013. Growth, gas exchange, and water-use efficiency response of two young apple cultivars to drought stress in two scion-one rootstock grafting system. Photosynthetica, 51(3): 404-410. - Valentovič, P., Luxová, M., Kolarovič, L. and Gašparíková, O., 2006. Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relations in two maize cultivars. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52(4): 186-191. - Wojdylo, A., Oszmianski, J. and Czemerys, R., 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compound in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry, 105(3): 940-949. - Wu, F.Z., Bao, W.K., Li, F.L. and Wu, N., 2008. Effects of drought stress and N supply on the growth, biomass artitioning and water-use efficiency of Sophora davidii seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63(1-3): 248-255. - Yemm, E.W. and Willis, A.J., 1954. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracted by anthrone. Biochemical Journal, 57(3): 508-514. - Zgallai, H., Steppe, K. and Lemeur, R., 2006. Effects of different levels of water stress on leaf water potential, stomatal resistance, protein and chlorophyll content and certain anti-oxidative enzymes in Tomato plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48(6): 679-685. - Zhu, Z., Liang, Z., Han, R. and Wang, X., 2009. Impact of fertilization on drought response in the medicinal herb Bupleurum chinense DC. Growth and saikosaponin production. Industrial Crops and Products, 29(2-3): 629-633. - Zobayed, S.M.A. Afreen, F. and Kozai, T., 2007. Phytochemical and physiological changes in the leaves of St. John’s wort plants under a water stress condition. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59(2): 109-116. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,005 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 966 |
||