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تأثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن بر کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس آگاستاکه (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 31، شماره 5، آذر 1394، صفحه 789-800 اصل مقاله (283.43 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2015.103615 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا عظیم‌زاده1؛ عباس حسنی* 2؛ محسن اسمعیلی3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آگاستاکه (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) گیاهی دارویی، چندساله و متعلق به خانواده نعناع می‌باشد. اسانس این گیاه منبع غنی از متیل‌کاویکول و دارای خواص ضدقارچی و ضدباکتریایی می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن بر درصد و اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس آگاستاکه، برگ‌های این گیاه در مرحله گلدهی کامل برداشت شده و با چهار روش مختلف (سایه، خورشید، آون با دماهای 40، 60 و 80 درجه سانتی‌گراد و مایکروویو با توان‌های 180، 360، 540، 720 و 900 وات)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با چهار تکرار خشک شدند. فرایند خشک کردن تا زمانی که محتوای رطوبت نمونه‌ها به 11/0 بر پایه وزن خشک رسید، ادامه یافت. اسانس برگ‌های خشک شده به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر استخراج شد. برای شناسایی اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس، نمونه‌های اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه‌های GC و GC/MS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که روشهای خشک کردن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر زمان خشک کردن و درصد اسانس داشتند. به‌طوری که کمترین (4 دقیقه) و بیشترین (64 ساعت) زمان خشک کردن به‌ترتیب مربوط به روشهای خشک کردن در مایکروویو 900 وات و سایه بود. همچنین بیشترین (51/1%) و کمترین (56/0%) درصد اسانس به‌ترتیب در روشهای سایه و مایکروویو 900 وات مشاهده شد. نتایج آنالیز اسانس نشان داد که متیل‌کاویکول جزء غالب اسانس این گیاه بود که مقدار آن از 1/83% در روش سایه تا 6/94% در مایکروویو 720 وات متغیر بود. در مجموع یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که روش خشک کردن در سایه با وجود طولانی بودن زمان خشک کردن، بهترین تیمار بود. اما اگر هدف خشک کردن سریع و بدست آوردن اسانسی با درصد بالای متیل‌کاویکول باشد، روش خشک کردن در آون ºC40 یا مایکروویو در توان‌های پایین قابل توصیه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آگاستاکه (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze)؛ خشک کردن؛ اسانس؛ مایکروویو؛ آون؛ متیل کاویکول | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of different drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Z. Azimzadeh1؛ A. Hassani2؛ M. Esmaiili3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) is a medicinal and perennial herb, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of this plant is a rich source of Methyl Chavicol, giving antifungal and antibacterial properties to this plant. To evaluate the effect of different drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop, the leaves were harvested at full flowering stage and dried by four methods (shade drying, sun drying, oven drying at 40, 60 and 80°C, and microwave oven drying at 180, 360, 540, 720, and 900W) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The drying process was continued until the moisture content of samples reached around 0.11 based on dry weight. Dried leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus to extract the essential oil. The oil samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results showed that drying methods had significant effect on the drying time and essential oil content. Minimum (4 minutes) and maximum (64 hours) drying time were obtained at 900 W microwave power and shade drying, respectively. The highest (1.51%) and the lowest (0.56%) essential oil content were observed in shade drying and microwave drying in 900 W, respectively. The results of essential oil analysis showed Methyl Chavicol was the main component of essential oil ranging from 83.1% (shade drying) to 94.6% (microwave drying at 720W). Overall, the findings of this study showed that shade drying in spite of long drying time was the best drying method. However, oven drying at 40°C or microwave method in low powers is recommended when our goal is fast drying and achieving essential oil with high percentage of methyl chavicol. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze, drying, essential oil, Microwave, Oven, methyl chavicol | ||
| مراجع | ||
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