| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,005 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,630 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,470,799 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 29,871,977 |
تأثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن بر کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس آگاستاکه (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 31، شماره 5، آذر 1394، صفحه 789-800 اصل مقاله (283.43 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2015.103615 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا عظیم‌زاده1؛ عباس حسنی* 2؛ محسن اسمعیلی3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آگاستاکه (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) گیاهی دارویی، چندساله و متعلق به خانواده نعناع می‌باشد. اسانس این گیاه منبع غنی از متیل‌کاویکول و دارای خواص ضدقارچی و ضدباکتریایی می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن بر درصد و اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس آگاستاکه، برگ‌های این گیاه در مرحله گلدهی کامل برداشت شده و با چهار روش مختلف (سایه، خورشید، آون با دماهای 40، 60 و 80 درجه سانتی‌گراد و مایکروویو با توان‌های 180، 360، 540، 720 و 900 وات)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با چهار تکرار خشک شدند. فرایند خشک کردن تا زمانی که محتوای رطوبت نمونه‌ها به 11/0 بر پایه وزن خشک رسید، ادامه یافت. اسانس برگ‌های خشک شده به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر استخراج شد. برای شناسایی اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس، نمونه‌های اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه‌های GC و GC/MS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که روشهای خشک کردن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر زمان خشک کردن و درصد اسانس داشتند. به‌طوری که کمترین (4 دقیقه) و بیشترین (64 ساعت) زمان خشک کردن به‌ترتیب مربوط به روشهای خشک کردن در مایکروویو 900 وات و سایه بود. همچنین بیشترین (51/1%) و کمترین (56/0%) درصد اسانس به‌ترتیب در روشهای سایه و مایکروویو 900 وات مشاهده شد. نتایج آنالیز اسانس نشان داد که متیل‌کاویکول جزء غالب اسانس این گیاه بود که مقدار آن از 1/83% در روش سایه تا 6/94% در مایکروویو 720 وات متغیر بود. در مجموع یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که روش خشک کردن در سایه با وجود طولانی بودن زمان خشک کردن، بهترین تیمار بود. اما اگر هدف خشک کردن سریع و بدست آوردن اسانسی با درصد بالای متیل‌کاویکول باشد، روش خشک کردن در آون ºC40 یا مایکروویو در توان‌های پایین قابل توصیه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آگاستاکه (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze)؛ خشک کردن؛ اسانس؛ مایکروویو؛ آون؛ متیل کاویکول | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of different drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Z. Azimzadeh1؛ A. Hassani2؛ M. Esmaiili3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze) is a medicinal and perennial herb, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of this plant is a rich source of Methyl Chavicol, giving antifungal and antibacterial properties to this plant. To evaluate the effect of different drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop, the leaves were harvested at full flowering stage and dried by four methods (shade drying, sun drying, oven drying at 40, 60 and 80°C, and microwave oven drying at 180, 360, 540, 720, and 900W) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The drying process was continued until the moisture content of samples reached around 0.11 based on dry weight. Dried leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus to extract the essential oil. The oil samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results showed that drying methods had significant effect on the drying time and essential oil content. Minimum (4 minutes) and maximum (64 hours) drying time were obtained at 900 W microwave power and shade drying, respectively. The highest (1.51%) and the lowest (0.56%) essential oil content were observed in shade drying and microwave drying in 900 W, respectively. The results of essential oil analysis showed Methyl Chavicol was the main component of essential oil ranging from 83.1% (shade drying) to 94.6% (microwave drying at 720W). Overall, the findings of this study showed that shade drying in spite of long drying time was the best drying method. However, oven drying at 40°C or microwave method in low powers is recommended when our goal is fast drying and achieving essential oil with high percentage of methyl chavicol. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze, drying, essential oil, Microwave, Oven, methyl chavicol | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adams, R.P., 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, 803p. - Ahmadi, K., Sefidkon, F. and Assareh, M.H., 2008. The effects of different drying methods on essential oil content and composition of three genotypes of Rosa damascena Mill. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(2): 162-176. - Arabhosseini, A., Padhye, S., Van Beek, T.A., Van Boxtel, A.J.B., Huisman, W., Posthumus, M.A. and Muller, J., 2006. Loss of essential oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) due to drying. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86(15): 2543-2550. - Asekun, O.T., Grierson, D.S. and Afolayan, A.J., 2007. Effects of drying methods on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. subsp. capensis. Food Chemistry, 101(3): 995-998. - Azizi, M., Rahmati, M., Ebadi, T. and Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M., 2009. The effects of different drying methods on weight loss rate, essential oil and chamazolene contents of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) flowers. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25 (2):182-192. - Blanco, M.C.S.G., Ming, L.C., Marques, M.O.M. and Bovi, O.A., 2002a. Drying temperature effects in peppermint essential oil content and composition. Acta Horticulturae, 569: 95-98. - Blanco, M.C.S.G., Ming, L.C., Marques, M.O.M. and Bovi, O.A., 2002b. Drying temperature effects in rosemary essential oil content and composition. Acta Horticulturae, 569: 99-103. - Blose, N., 2001. Herb Drying Handbook: Includes Complete Microwave Drying Instructions. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 96p. - Calixto, J.B., 2000. Efficacy, safety, quality control, market and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 33: 179-189. - Davies, N.N., 1990. Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatography, 503: 1-24. - Ebadi, M. T., Rahmati, M., Azizi, M. and Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M., 2011. Effects of different drying methods (natural method, oven and microwave) on drying time, essential oil content and composition of Savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(4): 477-489. - Ebadi, M.T., Rahmati, M., Azizi, M., Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M. and Dadkhah, A., 2013. The effects of different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(2): 425-437. - Ennajar, M., Bouajila, J., Lebrihi, A., Mathieu, F., Savagnac, A., Abderraba, M., Raiesf, A. and Romdhane, M., 2010. The influence of organ, season and drying method on chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90: 462-470. - Fathi, E., Sefidkon, F., Bakhshi Khaniki1, Gh. Abravesh, Z. and Assareh, M.H., 2009. The effects of drying and distillation methods on essential oil content and composition of Eucalyptus largiflorens. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(1): 64-74. - Ghani, A. and Azizi, M., 2009. The effect of different drying methods on quantity and quality characteristics of five yarrow species (Achillea). The Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 32(1): 1-11. - Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Hassani, A., Vojodi, L. and Farsad-Akhtar, N., 2010. Drying method affects essential oil content and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 13(6): 759-766. - Hassanpouraghdam, M.B. and Hassani, A., 2014. Oven and conventional drying methods affect volatile oil content and composition of Mentha pulegium L. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(2): 346-352. - Khangholi, S. and Rezaeinodehi, A., 2008. Effect of drying temperature on essential oil content and composition of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua) growing wild in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 11(6): 934-937. - Lemos, D.R.H., Rocha, R.P., Melo, E.C., Visser, E. and Pinheiro, A.L., 2008. Influence of drying air temperature on the essential oil content from Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. In: CIGR-International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, XXXVII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agricola, Brazil, 31 August-4September: 5-11. - Mertens, B. and Knorr, D., 1992. Developments of nonthermal processes for food preservation. Food Technology, 46(5): 124-133. - Mohtashami, S., Babalar, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, S.M., Mir Jalili, M.H. and Adib, J., 2012. The effect of growing conditions and different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content, color characteristics and microbial load of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 43(2): 243-254. - Ne'mati, Sh., Sefidkon, F. and Poorherave, M., 2011. The effects of drying methods on essential oil content and composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(1): 72-80. - Omidbaigi, R., 2005. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Volume 1). Behnashr Publication, Iran, 347p. - Omidbaigi, R., 2007. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Volume 2). Astan Ghods Razavi, Publication, Iran, 438p. - Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F. and Kazemi, F., 2004. Influence of drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Roman chamomile. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19: 196-198. - Ozcan, M., Arslan, D. and Unvar, A., 2005. Effect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 69: 375-379. - Oztekin, S. and Martinov, M., 2007. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Harvesting, Drying and Processing. Haworth Food and Agricultural Procucts Press, New York, 320p. - Rao, L.J., Singh, M., Raghavan, B. and Abraham, K.O., 1998. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): impact of drying on its flavor quality. Journal of Food Quality, 21: 107-115. - Raouf Fard, F., Sharifi, M., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F., Behmanesh, M. and Ahmadi, N., 2014. Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on metabolic enzymes and phenolics, in Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30(3): 361-369. - Rocha, S.F.R., Ming, L.C. and Marques, M.O.M., 2000. Influence of five drying temperatures on the - Rocha, R. P., Melo, E.C. and Radunz, L.L., 2011. Influence of drying process on the quality of medicinal plants: a review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(33): 7076-7084. - Sefidkon, F., Abbasi, K. and Khaniki, G.B., 2006. Influence of drying and extraction methods on yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Satureja hortensis. Food Chemistry, 99: 19-23. - Silva, F. and Casali, V.W.D., 2000. Plantas Medicinais e aromáticas: Pós-Colheita e Óleos Essenciais. Viçosa-MG: UFV, DFT, 135p. - Soysal, Y. and Oztekin, S., 2001. Technical and economic performance of a tray dryer for medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 79(1): 73-79. - Venskutonis, P.R., 1997. Effect of drying on the volatile constituents of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Food Chemistry, 59: 219-227. - Venskutonis, P.R., Poll, L. and Larsen, M., 1996. Influence of drying and irradiation on the composition of volatile compounds of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 11: 123-128. - Yazdani, D., Shahnazi, S., Jamshidi, A.H., Rezazadeh, Sh. and Mojab, F., 2006. Study on variation of essential oil quality and quantity in dry and fresh herb of thyme and tarragon. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 17: 7-15. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,887 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,115 |
||