2دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، پردیس بین الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3دانشآموختة کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی
چکیده
با تأسیس و گسترش صنایع فراوری محصولات کشاورزی میتوان ضمن کاهش ضایعات محصولات کشاورزی با ایجاد اشتغال باعث افزایش درآمد روستاییان منطقه شد و از مهاجرت آنها به شهرها جلوگیری کرد. برهمین اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعة صنایع تبدیلی استان گیلان و تعیین اولویت ایجاد این صنایع انجام شد. بدین منظور، پس از بررسی شرایط فعلی صنایع تبدیلی روستایی استان و مواد اولیه آنها (محصولات کشاورزی)، با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی( AHP) و به کارگیری شاخصهای نهگانه(شامل: اشتغال، ارزشافزوده، بهرهوری، سرمایهبری، کاهش ضایعات، افزایش صادرات، کاهش واردات، حفظ محیط زیست و وجود مواد اولیه در استان)، اقدام به اولویتبندی صنایع تبدیلی بخش کشاورزی در استان گیلان شد. این اولویتبندی هم به صورت کلی در 4 گروه اصلی این صنایع ( باغی، زراعی، دامی و شیلاتی) و هم به طور جزئی در زیربخشهای هرکدام از این 4 گروه اصلی با استفاده از نظر 10 نفر از مطلعترین کارشناسان استان انجام گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد اولویت توسعة صنایع تبدیلی استان بر خلاف شرایط موجود به این ترتیب است: باغی، شیلاتی، دامی و زراعی. سه اولویت صنایع تبدیلی بخش باغی به ترتیب، فراوری میوه، تولید و بستهبندی چای و سردخانه و در بخش شیلات، کنسرو ماهی، فراوردههای گوشتی ماهی و تولید پودر ماهی و سایر آبزیان تعیین گردید. در بخش دامی، تولید فراوردههای لبنی، انواع کشتارگاه و تولید فراوردههای گوشتی و غدای آماده به ترتیب در اولویت قرار دارند و سرانجام در بخش زراعی شالیکوبی و بستهبندی برنج، تهیة خوراک آمادة دام و طیور و روغنکشی از محصولات زراعی سه اولویت اول را به خود اختصاص دادند. افزایش سرمایهگذاری در صنایع فراوری محصولات باغی، شیلاتی و دامی به ترتیب میتواند در دستیابی به کاهش ضایعات و افزایش اشتغال و افزایش درآمد روستاییان مؤثر واقع شود.
Determining the Priority of Development of Agricultural Processing Industries in Guilan Province
نویسندگان [English]
zahra amiri1؛ Sh. Kavosi2؛ M. Tabasi3
1Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2PhD Student of Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Campus, Mashhad, Iran
3MS in Rural Development
چکیده [English]
With the establishment and expansion of agricultural processing industries; it is possible to minimize agricultural wastes as well as creating employment for villagers to improve the income of the villagers in the region and prevent their migration to other cities. Accordingly, the present study aims to review processing industries in Guilan province and determining the priority of creating these industries. For this purpose, after reviewing the current conditions of rural processing industries in this province and their raw materials (agricultural products), and using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and using nine indicators (including employment, value added, productivity, capital formation, waste reduction, increased exports, reduced imports, environmental protection and availability of raw materials in the province); we tried to prioritize processing industries in agricultural sector of Guilan province. This prioritization is conducted in general into four main categories of such industries (garden products, agricultural products, livestock and fisheries) and also in partly subgroups of each of the four main groups using the comments and suggestions of the 10 most experienced experts in the province that were in the acceptable range of the AHP method. The results of the research showed that priorities of the processing industries in this province are as follows in contrary to existing conditions: garden products, fisheries, livestock and agricultural products. The three priorities of the garden products sector are fruit processing, tea production and packaging, cold storage, and for fisheries sector, the priorities are producing canned fish, fish products and producing powder of fish and/or other aquatic animals. In the livestock sector, the priorities are production of dairy products, slaughterhouses and production of meat products and ready-to-cook foods. And finally, in farming sector the priorities are rice field and packing, preparing feed for livestock and poultry and oiling from agricultural crops. Increased investment in the processing industries of garden products, fisheries and livestock; respectively; can help in achieving the goal of reducing wastes and increasing employment and rural incomes.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Rural Development, Processing Industries, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Guilan
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