| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,387,099 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,174 |
اثر سامانه‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی بر پویایی بانک بذر علف‌های‌هرز در تناوب ذرت ـ گندم | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 11، شماره 1، شهریور 1394، صفحه 1-11 اصل مقاله (402.26 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا جمالی* 1؛ گودرز احمدوند2 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات فارس | ||
| 2دانشگاه همدان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور ارزیابی اثر سامانه‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی بر تراکم بانک بذر علف‌های‌هرز در تناوب ذرت ـ گندم آزمایشی طی دو سال 1391 و 1392 بصورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با شش تکرار انجام شد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل سه تیمار خاک‌ورزی کامل، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی و کرت‌های فرعی شامل کنترل شیمیایی و عدم کنترل (شاهد) بود. نمونه برداری از بذر علف‌های‌هرز پیش از کاشت ذرت، قبل از اعمال تیمارها و همچنین پس از برداشت ذرت و گندم، به روش سیستماتیک انجام گرفت. مقایسه میانگین تراکم بانک بذر خاک پس از برداشت گندم نشان داد که در تیمار بی خاک‌ورزی تعداد علف‌های‌هرز قیاق (L.) Pers. Sorghum halepense، کاهو وحشی L. Lactuca serriola و پیچک L. Convolvulus arvensisدارای افزایش معنی‌داری بود، ضمن اینکه بانک بذر علف‌های‌هرز فوق تحت تاثیر علف‌‌کش‌ها قرار نگرفت. تیمار خاک ورزی کامل موجب افزایش معنی دار یولاف Dur. Avena ludoviciana و جودره Hordeum spontaneum C.koch گردید. نتیجه نهایی این پژوهش توصیه کم‌خاک‌ورزی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| علف‌کش؛ خاک‌ورزی کامل؛ کم‌خاک‌ورزی؛ بی‌خاک‌ورزی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Different Tillage Systems on Weed Seedbank Dynamics in Corn-Wheat Rotation | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| An experiment was conducted to find out effects of different tillage systems on soil weed seedbank density under corn-wheat rotation. A split-plot trial based on RCBD with six replications was carried out during two years (2012 and 2013). Main plots included conventional seed bed prepration by moldboard ploughing (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). Each main plot was divided in to two subplots (with herbicide and control). Seed densities were estimated by direct seed extraction in systematic method by an auger with 7cm diameter from 0-20 cm depth from each sampled plot prior to corn planting, just before applying treatments. Sampling was also replicated and continued after corn harvesting, pre and post tillage and finally after wheat harvesting. The seedbank was initially composed of 19 species, mostly annuals. Mean comparison of weed seedbank post wheat harvesting showed Sorghum halepense, Lactuca serriola and Convolvulus arvensis was significantly increased in no till plots, while perennial weed seeds such as Convolvulus arvensis and Malva neglecta were not affected by herbicides. CT, moldboard ploughing increased Avena loduviciana and Hordeum sponteneum seeds significantly by vertical distribution of buried seeds to soil surface. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conventional tillage, herbicide, minimum tillage, no-tillage | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aguilar, V., Staver, C. and Milberg. P. 2003. Weed vegetation response to chemical and manual selective ground cover management in a shaded coffee population. Weed Res. 43: 68-75. Albrecht, H. and Sprenger, B. 2008. Long-term effects of reduced tillage on the populations of arable weeds. Pages 237-249 in J.P. P. Schröder,and J.C. Munch, ads. Perspectives for Agroecosystem Management. Elsevier. Amsterdam. Auskalniene, O. and Auskalnis, A. 2009. The influence of tillage system on diversities of soil weed seed bank. Agron. Res.7: 156-161. Blackshaw, R. E., Larney, F. J., Lindwall, C. W., Watson, P. R. and Derksen, D. A. 2001. Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter cropping system. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 805-815. Cardina, J., Herms, C. P. and Doohan, D. J. 2002. Crop rotation and tillage system effects on weed seedbank. 2002. Weed Sci. 51: 448- 460. Chakravarti, L. 1967. Handbook of Methods of Applied Statistics, Volume I, John Wiley and Sons. 392-394 pp. Charuhan, B., Gill, G. and Preston, C. 2006. Influence of tillage system on vertical distribution, seedling recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed bank. Weed Sci. 54: 669-676. Devi Ranjit, J., Suwanketnikom, R., Chinawong, S., Suprakarn, S., Sooksathan, I. and Juntakool, S. 2007. Weed seed bank response to soil depth, tillage and weed management in the mid hill ecology. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41: 17 – 33. Douglas, D., Bohler, K., Kohler, A. and Thompson, R. L. 2001. Weed seedbank dynamics during five year crop rotation. Weed Technol. 15: 170-176. Forcella, F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32: 29-38. Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Renner, K. A., Dekker, J., Harvey, R. G., Alm, D. A., Buhler, D. D. and Cardina, J. 1992. Weed seed banks of the US Corn Belt: magnitude, variation, emergence, and application. Weed Sci. 40: 636-644. Harper, J. L. 1977. The population bbiology of plants. Academic Press, London, UK. Cited in: Radosevich, S. 1997. Weed Ecology. John Wiely and Sons, America. 588 p. Jamali, M. 2013. Investigating efficiency of Everest 75WG (Flucarbazone-sodium) in wheat to control broadleaf and grass weed. Final Report of Project. Plant Pest & Disease Research Institute Press. 17 p. (In Persian with English summary) Kashe, K., Sindel, B., Kristiansen, P. and Jessop, R. 2009. Effect of tillage on weed seed bank and weed flora in maize (Zea mays). 17th Aust. Weeds Con. 67-70. Kovach, D. A., Thill, D. C. and Young, F. L. 1988. A water-spray system for removing seed from soil. Weed Technol. 2: 338-341. Mohler C.L., Frisch, J.C. and Mcculloch C.E. 2006. Vertical movement of weed seed surrogates by tillage implements and natural processes. Soil & Till. Res. 86: 110-122. Mohler, C. L. and M. B. Callaway. 1995. Effects of tillage and mulch on weed seed production and seed banks in sweet corn. J. App. Eco. 32: 627-639. Papoly Yazdi, M. H. 1988. List of Iranian populated and religious districts. Foundation of Islamic research of Astaneh – Razavi Press. 640 p. (In Persian with English summary). Radosevich, J.H. and Ghersa, C. 1996. Weed Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, America. 588p. Refsell, D.E. and Hartzler, R.G. 2009. Effect of tillage on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) emergence and vertical distribution of seed in the soil. Weed Technol. 23: 129-133. Schutte, B.J., Tomasek, B.J., Davis, A. S., Andersson, L., Benoit, D.L., Cirujeda, A., Dekker, J., Forcella, F., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. I., Graziani, F., Murduch, A. J., Neve, P., Rasmussen, I. A., Sera, B., Salonen, J., Tei, F., Torresen, K. S. and Urbano, J. M. 2013. An investigation to enhance understanding of the stimulation of weed seedling emergence by soil distribution. Weed Res. 1-12. Scopel, A.L., Ballare, C.L. and Sanchez, R.A. 1991. Induction of extreme light senility in buried weed seeds and its role in the perception of soil cultivations. Plant Cell Environ. 14: 501-508. Shersta, A., Kenzevic, S. Z., Roy, R. C., Ball-Coelho, B. R. and Swanton, C. J. 2002. Effects of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation on composition of weed flora in a sandy soil. Weed Res. 42:76-87. Siah Marguee, A., Rashed Mohassel, M. H., Banayan, M. and Kharaghani, F. 2003.The effect of three crop rotation systems on diversity and dispersal of weed seedbank communities. Iranian Agron. Res.1: 257-269. (In persian with english summary). Sosnoskie, M. L., Herms, C. P. and Cardina, J. 2006. Weed seedbank community composition in a 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment. Weed Sci. 54:263-273. Torresen, K.S. and Skuterud, R. 2002. Plant protection in spring cereal production with reduced tillage. IV. Changes in the weed flora and weed seedbank. Crop Prot. 21: 179-193. Vanasse, A. and Leroux, G.L. 2000. Floristic diversity, size, and vertical distribution of the weed seed bank in ridge and conventional tillage systems. Weed Sci. 48: 454-460. Wilson, B.J., Lawson, H.M. 1992. Seedbank persistence and seedling emergence of seven weed species in autumn-sown crops following a single years seeding. Ann. App. Bio. 120: 105-116. Zanin, G., Berti, A. and Riello, L.1998. Incorporation of weed spatial variability in to the weed control decision-making process. Weed Res. 38: 101-118. Zewdie, K., Suwanketnikom, R., Chinawong, S., Suwannarat, C., Juntakool, S. and Vichukit,V. 2004. Weed population dynamics as influenced by tillage, fertilizer and weed management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems of central Ethiopia. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.). 38: 290-304. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 555 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,013 |
||