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تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید گلوتامیک و بنزیل‌آدنین بر ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و رشدی گیاه دارویی گل انگشتانه ارغوانی (Digitalis purpurea L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 41، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 123، فروردین 1404، صفحه 1-19 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.364367.3402 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| افسون رضایی علولو1؛ عزیزاله خیری* 1؛ محسن ثانی خانی1؛ ملیحه یعقوبی2 | ||
| 1گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گل انگشتانه ارغوانی (Digitalis purpurea L.) شناخته‌شده‌ترین گونه از جنسDigitalis و گیاهی دوساله است که برگ‌های آن حاوی ماده مؤثره از نوع گلیکوزیدهای قلبی (0.3 تا 0.4 درصد) می‌باشد. گلیکوزیدهای استخراج شده از گل انگشتانه به عنوان داروهای طبیعی درمان بیماری‌های قلبی بوده که جایگزین شیمیایی نداشته و سالانه به فراوانی استفاده می‌شوند. با توجه به اینکه در سال‌های اخیر برای افزایش متابولیت‌های ثانویه، کمیت و کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی و کاربرد ترکیباتی ازجمله اسیدهای آمینه و نیز تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد به عنوان جایگزین ترکیبات شیمیایی طرفداران زیادی پیدا کرده است، این تحقیق برای بررسی نحوه پاسخ بیوشیمیایی و رشدی گیاه D. purpurea به کاربرد خارجی اسید گلوتامیک و بنزیل آدنین در شرایط گلخانه‌ای، بررسی عملکرد این ترکیبات در بهبود خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و افزایش عملکرد D. purpurea و نیز کاربرد آنها به جای استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی به لحاظ حفاظت از محیط‌زیست و تقویت کشاورزی پایدار انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور ارزیابی اثر کاربرد برگی بنزیل‌آدنین و اسید گلوتامیک بر ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و رشدی گیاه دارویی گل انگشتانه ارغوانی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1399 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا شد. دو سطح بنزیل‌آدنین (0.5 و 1 میلی‌مولار) و دو سطح اسید گلوتامیک (1 و 2 میلی‌مولار) به همراه شاهد (آب مقطر) به عنوان تیمارهای آزمایش به کار برده شدند. بذرها ابتدا در سینی نشا حاوی کوکوپیت و پیت‌ماس کشت گردیدند. سپس در مرحله چهار برگی 3 عدد نشا به گلدان‌های از جنس پلاستیک منتقل شدند. بستر کشت شامل ترکیبی از خاک مزرعه، کوکوپیت و پرلیت (به نسبت 1:1:3) بود. میانگین دمای روز و شب گلخانه در طول دوره آزمایش به ترتیب 25 و 18 درجه سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 80% تنظیم شد. در طول آزمایش گیاهچه‌ها هفته‌ای یکبار با 100 میلی‌لیتر محلول هوگلند کامل تغذیه شدند. بعد از انتقال نشاها به گلدان‌ها و استقرار کامل آنها در اواخر خردادماه، محلول‌پاشی با تیمارهای مذکور شروع شده و چهار مرتبه به صورت 10 روز یکبار انجام شد و 10 روز بعد از آخرین محلول‌پاشی، از برگ‌ها نمونه‌گیری و برای انجام آزمایش به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. تجزیه داده‌های حاصل با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSAS نسخه 9 و مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها از طریق آزمون چند دامنه دانکن در سطح احتمال پنج درصد مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل کل (1.95 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، حداکثر میزان ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (36.02%) و بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز برگ‌ها (1.14 یونیت بر میلی‌گرم پروتئین در دقیقه) با کاربرد تیمار یک میلی‌مولار بنزیل‌آدنین حاصل شد. حداکثر میزان کاروتنوئید کل (0.14 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، فنل کل (12.52 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن تر)، فلاونوئید کل (معادل 2.86 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین بر گرم وزن تر) و نیتروژن کل برگ‌ها (1.46%) با کاربرد دو میلی‌مولار اسید گلوتامیک حاصل شد. تیمار یک میلی‌مولار اسید گلوتامیک بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (4.09 یونیت بر میلی‌گرم پروتئین در دقیقه)، وزن تر (123.51 گرم) و وزن خشک (47.38 گرم) را موجب شد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، کاربرد برگی سطوح مختلف اسید گلوتامیک و بنزیل‌آدنین برای بهبود خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و رشدی گیاه D. purpurea پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ کاروتنوئید؛ کاتالاز؛ فلاونوئید؛ پراکسیداز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of glutamic acid and benzyladenine foliar application on biochemical and growth characteristics of Digitalis purpurea L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Afsoon Rezaie Allolo1؛ Azizollah Kheiry1؛ Mohsen Sanikhani1؛ Maliheh Yaghoobi2 | ||
| 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Digitalis purpurea L., the most well-known species of the Digitalis genus, is a biennial plant containing cardiac glycosides (0.3 to 0.4%) in its leaves. These glycosides are extracted and used as natural medicines for treating heart diseases, with no chemical substitutes available, making them widely utilized annually. In recent years, using amino acids and growth regulators as alternatives to chemical compounds has gained popularity for enhancing secondary metabolites, improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products, and promoting sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the biochemical and growth responses of D. purpurea to foliar applications of glutamic acid and benzyladenine under greenhouse conditions to evaluate their effects on morphophysiological characteristics, yield improvement, and their potential as environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers. Methodology: A completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the research greenhouse of the University of Zanjan to evaluate the effects of foliar applications of benzyladenine (0.5 and 1 mM) and glutamic acid (1 and 2 mM), along with a control treatment (distilled water). Seeds were initially planted in a seedling tray containing cocopeat and peat moss. At the four-leaf stage, three seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots filled with a culture medium of field soil, cocopeat, and perlite (1:1:3 ratio). Greenhouse conditions were maintained at average day and night temperatures of 25°C and 18°C, respectively, with 80% relative humidity. Seedlings were irrigated weekly with 100 mL of complete Hoagland solution. Foliar spraying with the treatments began after seedling establishment in late June and was repeated four times at 10-day intervals. Leaf samples were collected 10 days after the final application for laboratory analysis. Data were analyzed using SAS software (version 9), and means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at a 5% probability level. Results: The application of 1 mM benzyladenine resulted in the highest total chlorophyll content (1.95 mg/g fresh weight), antioxidant activity (36.02%), and peroxidase enzyme activity (1.14 U/mg protein per minute). The maximum total carotenoid content (0.14 mg/g fresh weight), total phenol (12.52 mg gallic acid/g fresh weight), total flavonoid (2.86 mg quercetin/g fresh weight), and nitrogen content (1.46%) were achieved with one mM glutamic acid. Additionally, one mM glutamic acid application led to the highest catalase enzyme activity (4.09 U/mg protein per minute), fresh weight (123.51 g), and dry weight (47.38 g). Conclusion: The findings suggest that applying glutamic acid and benzyladenine at varying levels can significantly enhance the biochemical and growth characteristics of Digitalis purpurea L. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Antioxidant capacity, carotenoid, catalase, flavonoid, peroxidase | ||
| مراجع | ||
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