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اثر دگر آسیبی عصاره اندام هوایی و زیرزمینی دافنه (Daphne mucronata) بر ویژگی‌های رشد و جوانه‌زنی بذر بادام وحشی (Amygdalus lycioides) | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| دوره 31، شماره 4، بهمن 1403، صفحه 346-356 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2025.132716 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حامد جنیدی* 1؛ ندا رگیده2؛ پرویز کرمی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2دانش‌آموخته رشته مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف دگر آسیبی یا آللوپاتی به اثرهای مضر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم یک گیاه بر گیاه دیگر گفته می‌شود. این اثرها از طریق تولید ترکیب‌های آللوشیمیایی و آزاد شدن آنها به درون محیط انجام و سبب تحریک یا بازدارندگی می‌شود. با توجه به اهمیت روابط اکولوژیک دو گونه Daphne mucronata و Amygdalus lycioides به‌عنوان یکی از اصلی‌ترین و مناسب‌ترین گیاهان برای اجرای برنامه‌های اصلاحی منطقه، ضروری است که روابط آللوپاتیک آنها در جهت به ثمر رسیدن برنامه‌های اصلاحی بررسی شود. مواد و روش‌ها به منظور بررسی اثر آللوپاتی Daphne mucronata بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی (درصد و سرعت)، رشد ریشه‌چه و شاخص‌های اولیه رشد (بنیه بذر، درصد بازدارندگی، متوسط زمان جوانه‌زنی و میانگین زمان جوانه‌زنی) Amygdalus lycioides، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 20 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش با نسبت‌های 0 (شاهد)، 20، 40، 60 و 80 درصد هم برای عصاره برگ و هم برای عصاره ریشه در آزمایشگاه، داخل پتری‌دیش و درون ژرمیناتور اجرا شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه انجام شد و برای گروه‌بندی تیمارها از آزمون دانکن استفاده گردید. کلیه بررسی‌های آماری در نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج طبق نتایج این تحقیق عصاره برگ دافنه در غلظت‌های 60 و 80 درصد و عصاره ریشه دافنه در تمامی غلظت‌ها منجر به بروز اثر آللوپاتی بر روی بذرهای بادام وحشی شد. عصاره برگ دافنه در غلظت‌های 60 و 80 درصد منجر به کاهش جوانه‌زنی (به ترتیب به میزان 5/6 و 13 درصد)، طول ریشه‌چه (به ترتیب به میزان 1/20 و 2/26 درصد) و درصد بازدارندگی (به ترتیب به میزان 8/6 و 6/13 درصد) شد. بیشترین تأثیر عصاره ریشه دافنه بر بذر بادام وحشی در غلظت 80 درصد مشاهده شد که باعث کاهش درصد جوانه‌زنی (69 درصد)، طول ریشه‌چه (01/93)، درصد بازدارندگی (73 درصد)، متوسط زمان جوانه‌زنی (2/9 درصد) و سرعت جوانه‌زنی (42/12 درصد) گردید. نتیجه‌گیری عصاره ریشه اثر آللوپاتی بیشتری نسبت به برگ بر ویژگی‌های جوانه زنی بذر بادام وحشی داشت. همچنین در هر دو عصاره ریشه و برگ با افزایش غلظت، اثر آللوپاتی نیز افزایش یافت. در نهایت این بررسی‌ها نشان داد که اثر آللوپاتی یکی از عواملی است که در جدایی رویشگاه دافنه و بادام یک منطقه، نقش بسزایی داشته است. این یافته نشان می هد که در اجرای پروژه‌های اصلاحی مرتع، به‌ویژه انجام عملیات بیولوژیک در مناطق مشابه با استفاده از این دو گونه، ملاحضات اکولوژیک از جنبه اثر دگر آسیبی این دو گونه بر یکدیگر در نظر گرفته شود تا احتمال موفقیت پروژه‌هایی از این دست افزایش یابد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دگر آسیبی؛ Daphne mucronata؛ عصاره گیاهی؛ اکولوژی؛ سرعت جوانه زنی؛ مواد مؤثره | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Allelopathic effect of aboveground and underground extracts of Daphne mucronata on growth and germination characteristics of Amygdalus lycioides seeds | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamed Joneidi1؛ Neda Ragideh2؛ Parviz Karami3 | ||
| 1Associated Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj | ||
| 2Graduated in rangeland management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanadaj, Iran | ||
| 3Assistat Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanadaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives Allelopathy refers to the direct and indirect harmful effects of one plant on another. These effects occur through the production of allelochemical compounds and their release into the environment, causing stimulation or inhibition. Considering the importance of the ecological relationships of the two species Daphne mucronata and Amygdalus lycioides as one of the most important and suitable plants for implementing rangeland improvement projects in the region, it is essential to examine their allelopathic relationships in order to achieve the results of improvement programs. Methodology In order to investigate the separation factors of D.mucronata and A.lycioides habitats, the effect of the allelopathic D. mucronata was studied on the early seedlings of Amygdalus Lycioides seeds. An experiment was conducted in an entirely randomized design with 20 iterations to investigate the allelopathic Daphne effects on germination (percentage and velocity, plumule growth, early growth indices (seed vigor, percentage deterrence, average germination time, mean germination time) and A. lycioides seeds. Test treatments were accomplished with the ratio of 0 (control), 20, 40, 60 and 80 percentages for both root and leaf extracts in experiment in a plate and germinator. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Duncan test was used for grouping these treatments. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software. Result According to the results, the allelopathic effect was observed in D. mucronata leaf extract in concentrations of 60 and 80% and D. mucronata root extract in all concentrations. D. mucronata leaf extract in concentrations of 60 and 80% decreased germination (by 6.5% and 13%, respectively), root length (by 20.1% and 26.2%, respectively) and inhibition percentage (respectively). 6.8 and 13.6 percent). The greatest effect of D. mucronata root extract on A.lycioides seeds was observed at a concentration of 80%, which decreased the germination percentage (69%), root length (93.01), inhibition percentage (73%) and average germination time (9.2%). and germination speed (12.42%). The root extract showed more allelopathic effect than the leaf. Also, in both root and leaf extracts, the allelopathic effect increased with increasing concentration. Finally, these investigations showed that the effect of allelopathy is one of the factors that played a significant role in the separation of daphne and almond habitats in a region. This finding indicates that when implementing rangeland improvement projects, especially biological operations in similar areas using these two species, ecological considerations should be taken into account in terms of the harmful effects of these two species on each other to increase the likelihood of success of such projects. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| allelopathy, Daphne mucronata, herbal extract, ecology, speed germination, active | ||
| مراجع | ||
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