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اندازه‌گیری تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در ارتباط با ویژگی‌های خاک و چرای دام مطالعه موردی: مراتع بادامستان طارم، استان زنجان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| دوره 31، شماره 4، بهمن 1403، صفحه 323-333 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2025.132713 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرهاد آقاجانلو* 1؛ پیمان اکبرزاده2؛ علیرضا افتخاری3 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه افزایش شناخت محیط‌زیست و تلاش برای مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی نیازمند مطالعه و پایش، در مقیاس‌های زمانی و مکان‌های گوناگون است. تغییرات مداوم را باید جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر هر اکوسیستم دانست. مراتع نیز به‌عنوان اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی از این موضوع مستثنا نیستند. به‌طوری‌که پایش مرتع به مفهوم بررسی مستمر این اراضی با توجه به اهمیت اکولوژیک، کارکردهای اقتصادی و تغییرات دائمی این منابع، موضوعی ضروریست. روش تحقیق برای پایش روند و شدت تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و شاخص‌های خاک مراتع، به مدت 5 سال اطلاعات زمینی در منطقه بادامستان (در دو منطقه قرق و چرا) واقع در استان زنجان ارزیابی و پایش شد. اندازه‌گیری اطلاعات زمینی شامل فاکتورهای گیاهی و خاکی بود. فاکتورهای گیاهی شامل درصد تاج پوشش گونه‌های گیاهی، درصد لاش‌برگ، تراکم گونه‌های گیاهی (در مورد مناطق و گونه‌هایی که قابلیت بررسی وجود دارد)، تولید گونه‌های گیاهی، وضعیت و گرایش مرتع بود. ارزیابی با استفاده از روش مناسب و با تعداد نمونه کافی و پراکنش مناسب نمونه‌ها در جوامع گیاهی مختلف در زمان آمادگی مرتع با تکرار انجام شد. ویژگی‌های خاکی شامل اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، ازت، فسفر، پتاسیم، ماده آلی، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و بافت خاک بود. نتایج و بحث نتایج تجزیه آماری اندازه‌گیری تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و اثر آن بر شاخص‌های خاک تحت تأثیر دو حالت چرا و قرق طی بازه زمانی 5 ساله ارزیابی شد؛ نتایج اختلاف معنی‌داری را بین اغلب شاخص‌ها نشان داد و در این مورد میزان پوشش تاجی کل و میزان تولید کل مرتع بین سال‌های مورد بررسی و نوع منطقه به ترتیب در سطوح احتمال 1 و 5 درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری بوده است. بیشترین میزان تاج پوشش گیاهی (56%) در منطقه چرا شده در سال 1398 و کمترین مقدار آن نیز در منطقه قرق (30%) در سال 1400 بود. همچنین بیشترین میزان تولید کل در منطقه قرق (126 گرم در مترمربع) در سال 1398 و کمترین میزان آن (7/48 گرم در مترمربع) در منطقه قرق و در سال 1400 بود. نتایج آنالیز تراکم کل گونه‌ها نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین سال‌ها، نوع منطقه و اثر متقابل نوع منطقه و سال‌ها وجود ندارد. بااین‌حال، در مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها ملاحظه شد که تراکم بوته‌ای‌ها در خارج قرق و علفی‌ها در داخل قرق از میزان بیشتری برخوردار بوده و دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار هستند. پوشش گیاهی تحت تأثیر دو حالت قرق و چرا توانسته برخی از پارامترهای مربوط به شاخص‌های خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. بررسی خاک منطقه تحت تأثیر فشار چرا نشان داد که افزایش شدت چرا باعث کاهش میزان پتاسیم، فسفر، نیتروژن، کربن آلی و هدایت الکتریکی سطح خاک شده است. نتیجه‌گیری به‌طورکلی طی بازه 5 ساله تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در اثر چرا معنی‌دار بوده است و کاهش پوشش گیاهی اثر معنی‌داری بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک گذاشته است. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، روند تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در منطقه مورد مطالعه کند و تحت تأثیر چرای دام بوده است، درنتیجه بررسی تغییرات کمی و کیفی پوشش گیاهی مراتع در فواصل زمانی معین و آگاهی از روند وضعیت آن یکی از موارد مهم برای برنامه‌ریزی و اعمال مدیریت صحیح بهره‌برداری از مراتع است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی؛ پایش؛ مراتع؛ مدیریت مراتع؛ استان زنجان؛ منطقه بادامستان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Measurement of vegetation changes related to soil characteristics and livestock grazing Case study: Badamistan pastures of Tarem, Zanjan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farhad Aghajanlou1؛ Peyman AKBARZADEH2؛ alireza eftekhari3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2researcher at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Zanjan province, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Increasing awareness of the environment and efforts for sustainable management of natural resources require study and monitoring at different timescales and places. Continuous changes should be considered integral to any ecosystem. As natural ecosystems, Rangelands are not exempt from this issue. Therefore, Rangeland monitoring is a necessary part of the continuous investigation of these lands, considering their ecological importance, economic function, and potential for permanent changes. Research Methodology In order to monitor the trend and intensity of changes in the vegetation cover and soil indicators of the Rangelands over a 5-year period, ground data were evaluated and monitored at dagestan, a site in Zanjan province. The measurement of ground information includes plant and soil factors. Plant factors include the percentage canopy cover of the plant species, the percentage of leaf litter, the density of plant species (in the areas and species that can be investigated), the production of plant species, the condition of the Rangeland, and the tendency of the Rangeland. Evaluation was performed using an appropriate method with sufficient samples and proper distribution in different plant communities during Rangeland preparation and repetition. Soil factors include acidity, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, apparent specific gravity, and soil texture. Results and discussion The results of the statistical analysis of the measurement of vegetation changes and its effect on soil indicators under the influence of two modes of grazing and flood during a 5-year period were evaluated; The results showed a significant difference between most of the indicators, and in this regard, the amount of total crown coverage and the amount of total production of the Rangeland between the studied years and the type of site were significantly different at the 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. The highest amount of vegetation cover (56%) was in the grazed area in 2018 and the lowest amount was in the Preserve site (30%) in 1400. The highest total production was at the Preserve site (126 grams per square meter) in 2018, whereas the lowest amount (48.7 grams per square meter) was produced at the preserve Site at 1400. The results of the total species density analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between years and site types, but an interaction was observed between site types and years. However, by comparing the average values of the data, we found that the density of shrubs outside preserveWas higher than that of the grass inside the arq, and the difference was significant. Vegetation under the influence of two types of flooding and grazing can influence some parameters related to soil indicators. The study of the soil in the area under the influence of grazing pressure showed that the increase in the intensity of grazing has caused a decrease in the amount of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, organic carbon and electrical conductivity of the soil surface. Conclusion In general, during the 5-year period, changes in vegetation due to grazing were significant, and the reduction in vegetation had a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of soil. According to the results, the process of vegetation change in the studied area was slow and was influenced by rangeland management methods. As a result, examining the qualitative and quantitative changes in Rangeland vegetation in certain time intervals and being aware of their conditions is an important part of planning and applying Proper management is the exploitation of rangelands. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| monitoring, rangeland evaluation, rangeland management, Zanjan province, Badamestan site | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 63 |
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