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تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گل مغربی (Oenothera biennis L.) تحت تنش شوری | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 40، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 122، دی 1403، صفحه 839-854 اصل مقاله (924.17 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.364773.3417 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| هوشنگ رحمتی* | ||
| استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گل مغربی (Oenothera biennis L.) با نام عمومی پامچال شب، به دلیل ترتیب قرار گرفتن متفاوت اسیدهای چرب در مولکول گلیسرول و وجود اسید چرب نادر گاما لینولنیک در علم پزشکی و علم تغذیه دارای جایگاه منحصر به فردی است. شوری خاک و آب یکی از موانع اصلی تولید محصولات کشاورزی و باغی، در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. اسید سالیسیلیک نقش فعالی در واکنش گیاه به تنش‌های غیرزیستی مختلف ازجمله شوری دارد و تحقیق روی این هورمون گیاهی در تولید محصولات کشاورزی مهم است. مواد و روش‌ها: این تحقیق به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای طی سال زراعی 1401-1400 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل چهار سطح نمک کلرید سدیم به مقدار صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار و فاکتور دوم شامل دو سطح صفر و 2 میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک بود. برای هر واحد آزمایشی تعداد 5 بوته (پنج گلدان) به‌طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند و تعداد ساقه در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و سطح برگ اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین صفات میزان پرولین، پروتئین کل، محتوای آب نسبی برگ و رنگدانه‌های کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید برای هر واحد آزمایشی اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج: تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اعمال تیمارهای تنش شوری بر روی تمام صفات تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح 1% داشت. از سوی دیگر، اعمال تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک بر روی صفات وزن تر بوته و کلروفیل b تأثیر معنیدار در سطح 1% داشت و برای صفت کلروفیل a تأثیر معنیدار نداشت، اما در دیگر صفات دارای تأثیر معنیدار در سطح 5% بود. همچنین مشاهده شد که تنها در صفت میزان کاروتنوئید اثر متقابل معنیدار وجود نداشت و برای صفات پرولین و کلروفیل a این اثر در سطح 1% معنیدار شد؛ همچنین برای صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک بوته، وزن تر ریشه، سطح برگ، تعداد شاخه در بوته، محتوای آب نسبی، پروتئین، کلروفیل b و کلروفیل کل، اثر متقابل اسید سالیسیلیک و شوری در سطح 5% معنیدار شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که افزایش سطوح تنش شوری سبب کاهش تمام صفات زراعی و بیشتر صفات فیزیولوژیک شد که این کاهش تا سطح 50 میلی‌مولار غیر معنیدار و از سطح 100 میلی‌مولار به بالا به‌صورت معنیدار بود. همچنین سالیسلیک اسید موجب افزایش معنیدار در بیشتر صفات شد. نتیجه‌گیری: گیاه گل مغربی مقاومت متوسطی به شوری داشت و اعمال تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک سبب بهبود خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک مغربی تا سطح تنش 50 میلی‌مولار (6.5 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) شد و در سطح تنش 100 میلی‌مولار (9.1 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) اعمال اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار موجب تعدیل اثرهای تنش شوری در گیاه شد، اما در سطح تنش 150 میلی‌مولار (13 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک گیاه کاهش معنیدار داشت و اعمال تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک سبب کاهش بیشتر آن شد. بر همین اساس، استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار به منظور کمک به بهبود عملکرد گیاه مغربی تا سطح تنش شوری 9 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر قابل توصیه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاه دارویی؛ اسید سالیسیلیک؛ پامچال شب (Oenothera biennis L.)؛ عملکرد؛ نمک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of salicylic acid on some agronomic and physiological characteristics of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) under salt stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hoshang Rahmati | ||
| Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Oenothera biennis L., known as evening primrose, has a unique place in medical science and nutrition science due to the particular arrangement of fatty acids in the glycerol molecule and rare gamma-linolenic fatty acid. Soil and water salinity is one of the main obstacles to producing agricultural and horticultural products in arid and semi-arid areas. Salicylic acid plays an active role in the plant's response to various abiotic stresses, including salinity, and research on this plant hormone is important in the production of agricultural products. Methodology: This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications in greenhouse conditions during the crop year 2021-2022. The first factor included four levels of sodium chloride salt at zero, 50, 100, and 150 mM, and the second factor included two levels of zero and 2 mM salicylic acid. For each experimental unit, 5 plants (five pots) were randomly selected and the number of branches, plant height, wet weight of aerial parts, wet weight of roots, dry weight of aerial parts, and leaf area were measured. Also, the traits of proline amount, total protein, relative water content of leaves, and pigments of chlorophyll and carotenoid were measured for each experimental unit. Results: Variance analysis showed that the application of salinity stress treatments had a significant effect on all traits at the 1% level; on the other hand, the application of the salicylic acid treatment on plant wet weight and chlorophyll b had a significant effect at the 1% level, and for the trait of chlorophyll a did not have a significant effect, but in other traits, it had a significant effect at the level of 5%. It was also observed that there was no significant interaction effect only in the trait of carotenoid amount, and for the traits of proline and chlorophyll a, this effect was significant at the 1% level, as well as for the traits of plant height, plant wet and dry weight, root wet weight, leaf area, number of branches, relative water content, protein, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, the interaction effect of salicylic acid and salinity were significant at 5% level. The results of the mean comparison showed that the increase in salinity stress levels decreased all agricultural traits and most physiological traits, which was insignificant up to the level of 50 mM and significantly above the level of 100 mM. Also, salicylic acid caused a significant increase in most traits. Conclusion: The evening primrose plant had moderate resistance to salinity and the application of salicylic acid treatment improved the agronomic and physiological characteristics of evening primrose up to the stress level of 50 mM (6.5 dS/m) and at the stress level of 100 mM (1.9 dS/m), the application of 2 mM salicylic acid moderated the effects of salinity stress in the plant, but at a stress level of 150 mM (13 dS/m), the agronomic and physiological characteristics of the plant decreased significantly, and the application of salicylic acid treatment caused a more decrease. Based on this, 2 mM salicylic acid is recommended to help improve the performance of the evening primrose plant up to the salinity stress level of 9 ds/m. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Medicinal plant, salicylic acid, evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.), yield, salt | ||
| مراجع | ||
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