اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات284
تعداد نشریات سازمان82
تعداد شماره‌ها3,041
تعداد مقالات34,020
تعداد مشاهده مقاله46,237,088
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله77,386,440
Hashemi, Elham, Rezaei, Arezou, Piravivanak, Zahra, Mirani Nezhad, Shefa, Rashidi Nodeh, Hamid, Safavi, Maliheh. (1404). Extraction of Phytosterols from the Green Hull of Pistacia vera L. var and Optimization of Extraction Methods. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(3), 252-259. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2024.366342.1720
Elham Hashemi; Arezou Rezaei; Zahra Piravivanak; Shefa Mirani Nezhad; Hamid Rashidi Nodeh; Maliheh Safavi. "Extraction of Phytosterols from the Green Hull of Pistacia vera L. var and Optimization of Extraction Methods". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14, 3, 1404, 252-259. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2024.366342.1720
Hashemi, Elham, Rezaei, Arezou, Piravivanak, Zahra, Mirani Nezhad, Shefa, Rashidi Nodeh, Hamid, Safavi, Maliheh. (1404). 'Extraction of Phytosterols from the Green Hull of Pistacia vera L. var and Optimization of Extraction Methods', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(3), pp. 252-259. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2024.366342.1720
Hashemi, Elham, Rezaei, Arezou, Piravivanak, Zahra, Mirani Nezhad, Shefa, Rashidi Nodeh, Hamid, Safavi, Maliheh. Extraction of Phytosterols from the Green Hull of Pistacia vera L. var and Optimization of Extraction Methods. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 14(3): 252-259. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2024.366342.1720

Extraction of Phytosterols from the Green Hull of Pistacia vera L. var and Optimization of Extraction Methods

Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products
مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 3، مرداد و شهریور 2025، صفحه 252-259    اصل مقاله (1.18 M)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jmpb.2024.366342.1720
نویسندگان
Elham Hashemi1؛ Arezou Rezaei* 1، 2؛ Zahra Piravivanak3؛ Shefa Mirani Nezhad4؛ Hamid Rashidi Nodeh3؛ Maliheh Safavi5
1School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
2Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
3Food, Halal and Agricultural Products Research Group, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
4School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
5Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
چکیده
Phytosterols, as valuable compounds with known health-beneficial effects, are extensively used in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Pistachio green hull (PGH) is a cost-effective agricultural waste that contains bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify and quantify the types and levels of phytosterols in the PGH and kernel of Abbasali, Akbari, and Khanjari pistachio cultivars of Damghan (Iran) and to optimize the phytosterol extraction using the Soxhlet and Folch methods.
The phytosterol types and quantities were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, following the methods established by the International Olive Council. The Soxhlet and the Folch methods underwent delicate modifications, including adjustments in the concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) and the transesterification condition. A total of eleven phytosterols were identified in the oil extracted from PGHs and Kernels of the studied cultivars. β-sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in all samples. The kernel of Abbasali cultivars had the greatest phytosterol amount (1887 mg/kg), followed by Akbari (1828 mg/kg) and Khanjari (1758 mg/kg). The ratio of total phytosterol content in the kernel to that in the PGH for the studied cultivars was as follows: Abbasali: 3.3, Akbari: 2.3, and Khanjari: 2.9. The most effective fat removal and the maximum amount of phytosterol were observed at 25 ºC with a 1 M KCl solution using the modified Soxhlet method. The mild conditions along with the modifications to the methanol: sulfuric acid ratio and time seem to be an appropriate approach for extracting phytosterols from PGH using the Soxhlet method.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Phytosterols؛ Pistacia vera L؛ Pistachio green hull؛ The Soxhlet method؛ The Folch method
مراجع
  1. Bolkhovets S., Kumpulainen A.U.S. Patent No. 9,078,464. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2015.
  2. Fernandes P., Cabral J.M.S. Phytosterols: applications and recovery methods. Bioresour. Technol. 2007;98:2335-2350.
  3. Cabral C.E., Klein M.R.S.T. Phytosterols in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. ABC Cardiol. 2017;109:475-482.
  4. Arjeh E., Akhavan H.R., Barzegar M., Carbonell-Barrachina Á. A. Bio-active compounds and functional properties of pistachio hull: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2020;97:55-64.
  5. Barreca D., Laganà G., Leuzzi U., Smeriglio A., Trombetta D., Bellocco E. Evaluation of the nutraceutical, antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of ripe pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) hulls. Food Chemistery. 2016;196:493-502.
  6. Goli A. H., Barzegar M., Sahari, M. A. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio (Pistacia vera) hull extracts. Food Chemistry. 2005;92:521-525.
  7. Grace M.H., Esposito D., Timmers M.A., Xiong J., Yousef G., Komarnytsky S., Lila M.A. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pistachio hull extracts. Food Chem. 2016;210:85-95.
  8. Rajaei A., Barzegar M., Hamidi Z., Sahari M.A. Optimization of extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from pistachio (Pistachia vera) green hull through response surface method. J. Agriculture Science Technology. 2010;605-615.
  9. https://www.atlasbig.com/en-us/countries-pistachio-production.
  10. Ahmadi H., Baaghideh M., Dadashi-Roudbari A. Climate change impacts on pistachio cultivation areas in Iran: a simulation analysis based on CORDEX-MENA multi-model ensembles. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 202;145:109-120.
  11. Moghadam M.M., Rezaee S., Mohammadi A.H., Zamanizadeh H.R., Moradi M., Fani S.R. The potential of aflatoxin production in the Aspergillus section Flavi isolates of pistachio in Iran. JNFH. 2020;8.
  12. Yahyavi F.M., Alizadeh-Khaledabad M., Azadmard-Damirchi S. Oil quality of pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) grown in East Azarbaijan, Iran. NFS Journal. 2020;18:12-18.
  13. Roozban M. R., Mohamadi N., Vahdati K. Fat content and fatty acid composition of four Iranian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) varieties grown in Iran. IV International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds. 2005;726:573-578.
  14. Arena E., Campisi S., Fallico B., Maccarone E. Distribution of fatty acids and phytosterols as a criterion to discriminate geographic origin of pistachio seeds. Food Chem. 2007;104:403-408.
  15. Bai G., Ma C., Chen X. Phytosterols in edible oil: Distribution, analysis and variation during processing. GOST. 2021;4:33-44.
  16. Alimentarius C. Standard for named vegetable oils. Codex stan. 1999;210:1-3.
  17. Nde D.B., Foncha A.C. Optimization methods for the extraction of vegetable oils: A review. Processes 2020;8:209.
  18. Belwal T., Ezzat S.M., Rastrelli L., Bhatt I.D., Daglia M., Baldi A., Devkota H.P., Orhan I.E., Patra J.K., Das G., Anandharamakrishnan C. A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: Trends, priorities, industrial uses, and optimization strategies. Trends Anal. Chem. 2018;100:82-102.
  19. Arumughan C., Sobankumar D.R., Sudaresan A., Nair S.S., Yohesh K., Rajam L.U.S. Patent No. 7,632,530. Washington, DC: U.S. 2009.
  20. IOC, Determination of the composition and content of sterols and triterpene dialcohols by capillary column gas Chromatography, COI/T. 20/Doc. No 30/Rev. 1. 2013;1–18.
  21. Kozłowska M., Gruczyńska E., Ścibisz I., Rudzińska M. Fatty acids and sterols composition, and antioxidant activity of oils extracted from plant seeds. Food Chem. 2016; 213:450-456.
  22. Danlami J.M., Arsad A., Ahmad Zaini M.A., Sulaiman H. A comparative study of various oil extraction techniques from plants. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2014;30:605-626.
  23. Folch J, Lees M, Stanley GS. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1957;226:497-509.
  24. Mariod A.A. Multiple biological activities of unconventional seed oils, Academic Press. 2022.
  25. Elouafy Y, El Yadini A., El Moudden H, Harhar H., Alshahrani M.M., Awadh A.A., Goh K.W., Ming L.C., Bouyahya A, Tabyaoui M. Influence of the extraction method on the quality and chemical composition of walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil. Molecules 2022;27:7681.
  26. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius.
  27. Chahed T., Dhifi W., Hamrouni I., Msaada K., Bellila A., Kchouk M.E., Marzouk B. Comparison of pistachio hull essential oils from different Tunisian localities. Ital. J. Biochem. 2007;56:35-39.
  28. Ling B., Yang X., Li R., Wang S. Physicochemical properties, volatile compounds, and oxidative stability of cold pressed kernel oils from raw and roasted pistachio (Pistacia vera L. Var Kerman). Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2016;118:1368-1379.
  29. Al Juhaimi F., Özcan M.M., Ghafoor K., Babiker E.E., Hussain S. Comparison of cold-pressing and soxhlet extraction systems for bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties, polyphenols, fatty acids and tocopherols in eight nut oils. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2018;55:3163-3173.
  30. Celenk V.U., Argon Z.U., Gumus Z.P. Cold pressed hazelnut (Corylus avellana) oil, In: Cold Pressed Oils, Academic Press, 2020;241-254.
  31. Shams-Eldin E., Abdur-Rahman M. Cold pressed pistachio (Pistacia vera) oil, In: Cold Pressed Oils, Academic Press. 2020; 267-272.
  32. Yuenyong J., Pokkanta P., Phuangsaijai N., Kittiwachana S., Mahatheeranont S., Sookwong P. GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis of fatty acid profile and functional phytochemicals in fifty cold-pressed plant oils in Thailand. Heliyon 2021;7(2).
  33. Breil C., Abert Vian M., Zemb T., Kunz W., Chemat F. “Bligh and Dyer” and Folch methods for solid–liquid–liquid extraction of lipids from microorganisms. Comprehension of solvation mechanisms and towards substitution with alternative solvents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017;18:708.
  34. Dutta P.C., Phytosterols as functional food components and nutraceuticals, CRC Press. 2003.
  35. Asl P.J., Niazmand R., Yahyavi F. Extraction of phytosterols and tocopherols from rapeseed oil waste by supercritical CO2 plus co-solvent: A comparison with conventional solvent extraction. Heliyon 2020; 6(3).
  36. Watts P., Long G., Meek M.E. Chloroform. World Health Organization. 2004.
  37. Gorgich M., Mata T.M., Martins A.A., Branco-Vieira M., Caetano N.S. Comparison of different lipid extraction procedures applied to three microalgal species. Energy Rep. 2020;6:477-482.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 219
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 269


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب