| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,387,014 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,141 |
استفاده از Trichoderma harzianum و Bacillus subtilis در مهار زیستی نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne incognita در گیاه توتون | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 23 آبان 1403 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2024.367259.375 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرضیه شازده احمدی* 1؛ سید افشین سجادی2 | ||
| 1محقق، بخش بیوتکنولوژی، بخش تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| 2محقق، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| توتون، یکی از گیاهان مهم زراعی و صنعتی است که در اقتصاد و درآمد کشورهای تولیدکننده نقش مهمی دارد. نماتد ریشه گرهی از مهمترین نماتدهای انگل گیاهی با دامنه وسیع میزبانی می باشند. با توجه به خطرات سموم شیمیایی، استفاده از روش‌های جایگزین، از جمله مهار زیستی در مبارزه با این بیماری ضروری به نظر می رسد. در این پژوهش، اثر دو مهارگر Trichoderma harzianum و Bacillus subtilis به طور انفرادی و هچنین به طور تلفیقی، علیه نماتد Meloidogyne incognita روی گیاه توتون در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 14 تیمار و 4 تکرار در شرایط گلخانه در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش بررسی گردید. گیاهچه های توتون رقم K326، در مرحله 4 تا 5 برگی، با غلظت Spore/mL 106 از قارچ و CFU/mL 8 10 از باکتری، در دو زمان و با دو روش مختلف، اعمال تیمار شدند. حدود دوماه پس از مایه زنی با 2000 تخم و لارو سن دوم نماتد، صفات شاخص گال، تعداد توده تخم، متوسط تخم در هر توده، فاکتور تولید مثل، جمعیت نماتد در خاک و ریشه و درصد کنترل نماتد بررسی و یادداشت‌برداری گردید. طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس، تمام شاخص های مربوط به نماتد در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی دار نشان دادند (P≤ 0.01). در همه صفات مورد بررسی، پس از تیمار شاهد سالم (نماتدکش ولوم پرایم)، تیمار اثر تلفیقی قارچ T. harzianum به اضافه باکتری B. subtilis روی نماتد، همزمان با نشاکاری (با غلظت 10 در هزار) و 10 روز پس از نشاکاری (به میزان mL 50 پای هر بوته)، به عنوان مؤثرترین تیمار علیه نماتد M. incognita در گیاه توتون شناخته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده های حاصله از این تحقیق، نشان داد که زمانهای اعمال تیمار مهارگرها، دارای اختلاف معنی دار با یکدیگر هستند (P≤ 0.01). به طور کلی، تأثیر کاربرد تلفیقی مهارگرها در طی دو مرحله (همزمان با نشاکاری + 10 روز پس از نشاکاری)، از کاربرد انفرادی آنها در طی یک مرحله بیشتر بود. رویکرد مبتنی بر استفاده از مهارگرها درمهار زیستی امیدوارکننده به نظر می رسد، زیرا می‌تواند به کاهش میزان استفاده از مواد شیمیایی و تثبیت تغییرات اکولوژیکی کمک می کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نماتد ریشه‌گرهی؛ مهارگر؛ مهار زیستی؛ Nicotiana tabacum | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The use of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in biological control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tobacco | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Marziyeh Shazdehahmadi1؛ seyyed Afshin Sajjadi2 | ||
| 1Researcher, Biotechnology research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| 2Researcher, Plant Protection research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Tobacco is one of the important agricultural and industrial plants that plays an important role in the economy and income of producing countries. Root–knot nematodes are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes with a wide host range. Considering the dangers of chemical poisons, it seems necessary to use alternative methods, including biological control, in the fight against this disease. In this research, the effect of two antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, individually and also combined effect, against the root– knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tobacco plants was investigated in a completely randomized design with 14 treatments and 4 replications in greenhouse conditions. Tobacco seedlings, K326 variety at the 4–5 leaf stage, were treated with a concentration of 106 Spore/mL of T. harzianum and 108 CFU/mL of B. subtilis, at two times and with two different methods. About two months after inoculation with 2000 eggs and larvae of the second instar nematode, nematode virulence factors such as gall index, number of egg mass, average egg per mass, reproductive factor (RF), nematode population in soil and root and percentage of nematode control were investigated and recorded. According to the results of analysis of variance, all the indicators related to nematodes showed a significant difference at the level of one percent (P≤ 0.01). In all studied traits, after the treatment of control (Volume Prime® chemical nematicide), the combined effect of T. harzianum + B. subtilis against the nematode, at the same time as inoculation (at a concentration of 10 per thousand) and 10 days after Inoculation (with a concentration of 50 mL) was recognized as the most effective treatment. The statistical analysis of the data obtained from this research showed that the antagonist treatment times have significant differences with each other (P≤ 0.01). In general, the effect of combined application of antagonists during two stages (simultaneous with transplanting + 10 days after transplanting) was greater than their individual application during one stage. The approach based on the use of antagonists in biological control seems promising, because it helps to reduce the amount of chemical substances used and stabilize ecological changes. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| root–knot nematode, antagonist, biocontrol, Nicotiana tabacum | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ameri, M., Kheiri, M., Damadzadeh, M. & Rahimian, H. 2004. An Evaluation of the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans for control of Meloidogyne javanica. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 40(1–2): 1–14. Baruti, sh. & Alavi, A. 1374. Plant nematodology (principles and nematodes of Iran's parasite and quarantine). Publications of the Research Institute of Pests and Plant Diseases, 278 pages. Badakhshan, M., Mehdikhani Moghadam, A., Baghai Ravari, S. & Rouhani, H. 2015. Combined use of two species of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtitis in controlling (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato. Journal of Plant Pests and Diseases, 84(2): 278–269. Canto–saenz, M. 1983. The nature of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. In: C.C. Carter (Ed.). In: Proceedings of the third research & planning conference on root–knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. International Meloidogyne Project. Lima, Peru, 6(1): 160–165. Chin Ann, Y. 2013. Screening for nematicidal activities of Bacillus species against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(4): 794–805. Coolen, J. & D, Herde, C.J. 1972. A Method for the Quantitative extraction of nematodes form plant tissue. 9220 Merelbeke Belgium, 77 pp. Forghani F. & Hajihassani A. 2020. Recent advances in the development of environmentally benign treatments to control root–knot nematodes. Frontiers in Plant Science,11, 1125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01125 Harman, G.E., C.R. Howell, A. Viterbo, I. & Lorito, M. 2004. Trichoderma species opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews, 2(4): 43–56. Heydari, F. & Olya, M. 2016. Investigating the separate and combined use of Trichoderma harzianum and vermicompost in biological control of tomato root–knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in greenhouse conditions. Journal of applied research in herbal medicine, 6(3): 1–12. Hussey, R.S. & Barker, K.R. 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp. including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter, 57: 1025–1028. Hussey, R.S. & Janssen, G.J.W. 2002. Root–knot nematodes: Meloidogyne species. In Starr J.L. Cook R. & Bridge J. (Eds.), Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes. Wallingford, UK, CAB International, 14(1): 43–70. Jamali, S., Monazam, K. & Alimi, M. 2022. Efficacy of Pseudomonas and Streptomyces strains on control of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Nematology, 1(1): 118–127. Jepson, S.B. 1987. Identification of root–knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Jenkins, W.R. 1964. A rapid centrifugal flotation technique for extracting nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Reporter, 48(3): 675–692. Jindapunnapat, K., Chinnasri, B. & wankiae, S.K. 2013. Biological control of root–knot nematodes (Meloidogyne enterolobii) in guava by the Fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture, 8(2): 110–118. Lucas, G.B. 1975. Disease of Tobacco,3rd edition, biological consulting Associates, Releight, North carolina. 621pp. Maleki Ziarati, H., Raushiti, A., Sahibani, N., Prafiyan, H.R. & Aminian, H. 2009. Investigating the possibility of biological control of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato by Trichoderma harzianum fungus in the greenhouse and quantitative changes of phenolic compounds in the plant. Journal of seedling and seed agriculture, 25(3): 272–259. Majzoob, S.H., Kargar Bideh, A. & Zarghani, H.A. 2010. Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO, Bacillus subtilis and Pantoea sp. In the control of Meloidogyne javanica on cucumber (Super Amelia and Royal). In: 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, Iran 533. (In Persian with English summary). Munshid, H., S. Simon, A. & Lal, A. 2013. Antagonistic potential of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Meloidogyne incognita of green onion (Allium fistulosum). International Journal of Botany and Research, 3(4): 15–22. Muthulakshmi, M., Devrayar, K. & Jonathan, E.I. 2010. Biocontrol of root–knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofeid and White) Chitarod in mulberry. Journal of Bio pesticide, 3: 479–482. Meyer, S.L. & Roberts, D.P. 2002. Combinations of biocontrol agents for management of plant–parasitic nematodes and soilborne plant–pathogenic fungi. Journal of Nematology, 34(3): 1– 8. Miraki, K., Abdollahim M. & Tallayi, F. 2013. Effect of Trichoderma virens and Glomus mosseae in controlling root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato. Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 2(1): 9–16. Mokhtari, S., Sahebani, N. & Etebarian, H.R. 2014. Biological control of Meloidogyne javanica by two against antagonists Trichoderma harzianum BI and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO in tomato plant. Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 3(2): 117–126. Naseri Nesab, F., Sahibani, N. & Pradayian, H.R. 2012. Studying the effect of the antagonist fungus Trichoderma harzianum BI on the induction of defense response of tomato plant against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). Plant Disease Research Quarterly, 1(4): 1–12. Ramezani Moghadam, M., Mehdikhani Moghadam, A., Baghai Raori, S. & Rouhani, H. 2013. Investigating the antagonistic activity of Bacillus spp. In the control of tomato root–knot nematode. Journal of Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 2(1): 17–26. Sajjadi, A., Najafi, M.R., Hosseini, A., Hosseininejad, A., Masoudi, A.A. & Safar, F. 2017. Management of root knot nematode in tobacco fields of Golestan province. Research report of Tirtash Research and Education Center. Sahebani, N. & Hadavi, N. 2008. Biological control of the root– knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40(1): 2016–2020. Sharon, E., Bar–Eyal, M., Chet, I. Herrera–Estrella, A., Kleifeld, O. & Spiegel, Y. 2001. Biological control of the root– knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology, 91(2): 687–693. Sikora, R.A. & Fernandez, E. 2005. Nematode parasites of vegetables. In: Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. Luc, M., Sikora. R. A. and Bridge, J. (Editors), 2nd edition, CABI Wallingford, UK. Silva, O.J.D., Santana, M.V., Freire, L.L., Silva Ferreira, B.D. & Rocha, M.R. 2017. Biological agents in the management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. 47(10): 1–7 Singh, P. & Siddiqui, Z.A. 2010. Biocontrol of root–knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by the isolates of Bacillus on tomato. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 43(1): 552–561. Williamson, V.M. & Hussay, R.S. 1996. Nematode Pathogenesis and Resistance in Plant. The Plant Cell, 8(2): 1735– 1745. Zeck, W.M. 1971. A rating scheme for field evaluation of root knot nematode infestations. Pflanzenschutz–Nachrichten. Bayer AG. 24(1): 141–144. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 40 |
||