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استفاده از Trichoderma harzianum و Bacillus subtilis در مهار زیستی نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne incognita در گیاه توتون | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 1-13 اصل مقاله (765.41 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2024.367259.375 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرضیه شازده احمدی* 1؛ سید افشین سجادی2 | ||
| 1محقق، بخش بیوتکنولوژی، بخش تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| 2محقق، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| توتون، یکی از گیاهان مهم زراعی و صنعتی است که در اقتصاد و درآمد کشورهای تولیدکننده نقش مهمی دارد. نماتد ریشه گرهی از مهمترین نماتدهای انگل گیاهی با دامنه وسیع میزبانی می باشند. با توجه به خطرات سموم شیمیایی، استفاده از روش‌های جایگزین، از جمله مهار زیستی در مبارزه با این بیماری ضروری به نظر می رسد. در این پژوهش، اثر دو مهارگر Trichoderma harzianum و Bacillus subtilis به طور انفرادی و هچنین به طور تلفیقی، علیه نماتد Meloidogyne incognita روی گیاه توتون در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 14 تیمار و 4 تکرار در شرایط گلخانه در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش بررسی گردید. گیاهچه های توتون رقم K326، در مرحله 4 تا 5 برگی، با غلظت Spore/mL 106 از قارچ و CFU/mL 8 10 از باکتری، در دو زمان و با دو روش مختلف، اعمال تیمار شدند. حدود دوماه پس از مایه زنی با 2000 تخم و لارو سن دوم نماتد، صفات شاخص گال، تعداد توده تخم، متوسط تخم در هر توده، فاکتور تولید مثل، جمعیت نماتد در خاک و ریشه و درصد کنترل نماتد بررسی و یادداشت‌برداری گردید. طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس، تمام شاخص های مربوط به نماتد در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی دار نشان دادند (P≤ 0.01). در همه صفات مورد بررسی، پس از تیمار شاهد سالم (نماتدکش ولوم پرایم)، تیمار اثر تلفیقی قارچ T. harzianum به اضافه باکتری B. subtilis روی نماتد، همزمان با نشاکاری (با غلظت 10 در هزار) و 10 روز پس از نشاکاری (به میزان mL 50 پای هر بوته)، به عنوان مؤثرترین تیمار علیه نماتد M. incognita در گیاه توتون شناخته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده های حاصله از این تحقیق، نشان داد که زمانهای اعمال تیمار مهارگرها، دارای اختلاف معنی دار با یکدیگر هستند (P≤ 0.01). به طور کلی، تأثیر کاربرد تلفیقی مهارگرها در طی دو مرحله (همزمان با نشاکاری + 10 روز پس از نشاکاری)، از کاربرد انفرادی آنها در طی یک مرحله بیشتر بود. رویکرد مبتنی بر استفاده از مهارگرها درمهار زیستی امیدوارکننده به نظر می رسد، زیرا می‌تواند به کاهش میزان استفاده از مواد شیمیایی و تثبیت تغییرات اکولوژیکی کمک می کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نماتد ریشه‌گرهی؛ مهارگر؛ مهار زیستی؛ Nicotiana tabacum | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The use of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in biological control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tobacco | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Marziyeh Shazdehahmadi1؛ seyyed Afshin Sajjadi2 | ||
| 1Researcher, Biotechnology research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| 2Researcher, Plant Protection research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Tobacco is one of the important agricultural and industrial plants that plays an important role in the economy and income of producing countries. Root–knot nematodes are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes with a wide host range. Considering the dangers of chemical poisons, it seems necessary to use alternative methods, including biological control, in the fight against this disease. In this research, the effect of two antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, individually and also combined effect, against the root– knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tobacco plants was investigated in a completely randomized design with 14 treatments and 4 replications in greenhouse conditions. Tobacco seedlings, K326 variety at the 4–5 leaf stage, were treated with a concentration of 106 Spore/mL of T. harzianum and 108 CFU/mL of B. subtilis, at two times and with two different methods. About two months after inoculation with 2000 eggs and larvae of the second instar nematode, nematode virulence factors such as gall index, number of egg mass, average egg per mass, reproductive factor (RF), nematode population in soil and root and percentage of nematode control were investigated and recorded. According to the results of analysis of variance, all the indicators related to nematodes showed a significant difference at the level of one percent (P≤ 0.01). In all studied traits, after the treatment of control (Volume Prime® chemical nematicide), the combined effect of T. harzianum + B. subtilis against the nematode, at the same time as inoculation (at a concentration of 10 per thousand) and 10 days after Inoculation (with a concentration of 50 mL) was recognized as the most effective treatment. The statistical analysis of the data obtained from this research showed that the antagonist treatment times have significant differences with each other (P≤ 0.01). In general, the effect of combined application of antagonists during two stages (simultaneous with transplanting + 10 days after transplanting) was greater than their individual application during one stage. The approach based on the use of antagonists in biological control seems promising, because it helps to reduce the amount of chemical substances used and stabilize ecological changes. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| root–knot nematode, antagonist, biocontrol, Nicotiana tabacum | ||
| مراجع | ||
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