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مقایسه پتانسیل تولید علوفه در کشت مخلوط شبدر برسیم – ارزن پروسو با کشت خالص در مناطق سردسیر | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 139، شهریور 1403، صفحه 57-40 اصل مقاله (591.71 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.365792.1677 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شیوا زارعی چالشتری1؛ امیر آینه بند2؛ ثریا کرمی* 3 | ||
| 1دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. | ||
| 22- استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی پتانسیل تولید علوفه کشت مخلوط ارزن پروسو و شبدر برسیم در مناطق سردسیر به عنوان کشت دوم/تابستانه، آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به صورت بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 در شهرکرد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 75 درصد - 25 درصد ، 50 درصد - 50 درصد ، 25 درصد - 75 درصد ارزن- شبدربرسیم و کشت خالص ارزن و شبدر برسیم بود. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر (037/16 تن در هکتار) و خشک (991/4 تن در هکتار) به ترتیب از کشت مخلوط 25-75 و 50-50 (ارزن-شبدر برسیم) به دست آمد. الگوی کاشت بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی ارزن و شبدر برسیم اثر معنی‌داری داشت؛ به طوریکه بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک ارزن و شبدر برسیم به ترتیب از نسبت 50 -50 و 25- 75 (ارزن-شبدر برسیم) حاصل شد. درصد پروتئین خام شبدر برسیم در کشت خالص بیشتر از کشت مخلوط بود و با افزایش سهم شبدر درصد پروتئین خام روند افزایشی نشان داد. شاخص نسبت برابری زمین بیانگر سودمندی کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با کشت خالص بود و ضریب ازدحام نسبی ارزن را به عنوان گونه غالب با مقدار عملکرد نسبی بیشتر در مقایسه با شبدر برسیم در کشت مخلوط شناسایی نمود. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که ترکیب تیماری 25 درصد ارزن پروسو- 75 درصد شبدر برسیم با 25 درصد افزایش در بهره وری استفاده از زمین نسبت به کشت خالص به عنوان بهترین تیمار برای حصول علوفه‌ای با عملکرد و کیفیت مطلوب به عنوان کشت دوم/تابستانه در شهرکرد و احتمالاً سایر مناطق سردسیر توصیه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گندمیان؛ بقولات؛ گونه غالب؛ نسبت برابری زمین؛ تولید علوفه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparison of forage production potential in Berseem clover– Proso millet intercropping with sole cropping in cold regions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shiva Zarei Chaleshtari1؛ Amir Ayeneband2؛ Soraya Karami3 | ||
| 1Faculty of Agriculture, Research Sciences Unit, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz | ||
| 3Department of Agricultural Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The use of plants with the ability of second or summer cultivation in cold regions such as Shahrekord can increase production per unit area and the optimal use of productive resources such as land. Unlike sole cropping system, intercropping in line with ecological goals (Salama, 2020) brings increased resource consumption efficiency and yield stability (Bitew et al., 2021). Therefore, this study was designed and implemented: (i) to investigate the forage yield of Proso millet and Berseem clover in sole cropping and intercropping systems; (ii) to examine the effect of competition between the used species (legume and grass) in the intercropping; (iii) to analyze the interrelationships between the components of the intercropping using different competition indices; and (iv) to evaluate which intercropping managements is better for resource management with respect to forage yield and competition indices. Materials and Methods: A field experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications and five treatments in June 2019 in Shahrekord, Iran. The treatments included intercropping of Berseem clover- Proso millet (75%- 25%, 50%- 50%, 25%- 75%) and sole cropping of each component crops. Harvesting of all treatments was done in the milking stage of seed millet (late September). The evaluated traits were wet forage yield (ton/ha), dry forage yield (ton/ha), forage crude protein (%) and forage protein yield (ton/ha). Some competition indices such as land equality ratio (LER) and relative crowding coefficient (RCC) were used to evaluate intercropping systems (Midya et al., 2005). All data were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of the SAS statistical program. Also, significant differences among the means were measured using the LSD test (P<0.05). Results & Discussion: Results showed that intercropping patterns had significant effect on all of the studied traits of Proso millet and Berseem clover. The maximum wet forage yield (16.0 ton/ha) and dry forage yield (5.0 ton/ha) were obtained at 25% Proso millet- 75% Berseem clover and 50% Proso millet- 50% Berseem clover, respectively. The highest percentage of forage crude protein and forage protein yield were found in the sole cropping of Berseem clover, and with the decrease in the share of Berseem clover in intercropping, a downward trend was observed in crude protein as well as yield of forage protein. The highest LER values (1.25) was obtained from 25% Proso millet- 75% Berseem clover. Proso millet with RCC>1 was identified as the dominant species with a higher relative forage yield value compared to Berseem clover in all intercropping systems. Conclusion: The present study showed that the mixture of Berseem clover with Proso millet, in each of the planted ratios, has the functional advantage of forage production to exploit the available environmental resources compared to their respective monocultures. However, considering the lower competitive power of Berseem clover compared to Proso millet based on the RCC, Berseem clover needs a higher planting density than Proso millet to benefit more from the advantages of intercropping. In general, based on the results of the present study, the treatment combination of 25% Proso millet-75% Berseem clover, is significant in terms of forage production with the desired quantity and quality. On the other hand, the results obtained from the LER confirmed the superior advantage of this combination due to the better efficiency of land use compared to other treatments. This combination can be economically and environmentally promising in the development of sustainable crop production (forage) as a second or summer crop in Shahrekord region or other cold regions. Keywords: Grass, Leguminous, Dominant species, Equal ratio of land; Forage production References Bitew, Y., Alemayehu, G., Adgo, E., and Assefa, A. 2021. Competition, production efficiency and yield stability of finger millet and legume additive design intercropping. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 36(1): 108-119. Midya, A., Bhattacharjee, K., Ghose, S. S., and Banik, P. 2005. Deferred seeding of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) field on yield advantages and smothering of weeds. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191(3): 195-201. Salama, H. S. A., and Badry, H. H. 2015. Influence of variable mixing rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on the fodder quality of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(53): 4858-4864. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Grass, Leguminous, Dominant species, Equal ratio of land, Forage production | ||
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