1استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، موسسه پژوهش های برنامه ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران
2استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، موسسه پژوهشهای برنامهریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی. تهران. ایران.
3مؤسسه پژوهشهای برنامهریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران.
چکیده
مطالعه حاضر به تحلیل منطقهای ناهنجاری قیمت مواد غذایی در ایران پرداخته است. جهت رسیدن به این هدف ابتدا شاخص ماهانه ناهنجاری قیمت مواد غذایی (IFPA) برای گروههای کالایی و استانهای مختلف برای دوره زمانی 1401-1397 محاسبه شد. در ادامه به منظور به دست آوردن درک بهتر از ناهنجاری قیمت در استانها، دلیل تفاوت میان استانهای مختلف، شناسایی استانهای دارای رفتار مشابه و ترسیم اطلس ناهنجاری قیمت مواد غذایی استانهای کشور از روش خوشهبندی K-means استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که طی سالهای مورد مطالعه، بالاترین ناهنجاری قیمت مواد غذایی به ترتیب مربوط به استانهای ایلام، قزوین، زنجان و مازندران بوده است. ضمن آن که استانهای سیستان و بلوچستان، هرمزگان، خراسان جنوبی و آذربایجان شرقی نیز در دوره مذکور کمترین ناهنجاری قیمت مواد غذایی را داشتهاند. در ادامه استانها در 6 خوشه طبقهبندی شدند. در همه خوشهها میان مخارج و ناهنجاری، ارتباط مستقیم وجود داشته و استان-هایی که در آنها مخارج واقعی برای خرید مواد غذایی و یا همان تقاضا برای مواد غذایی بالاتر بوده، ناهنجاری قیمت نیز بالاتر بوده است. میزان مخارج خانوار برای مواد غذایی در استانهای واقع در خوشه اول شامل سیستان و بلوچستان، خراسان جنوبی، خراسان شمالی، کرمان و هرمزگان نسبت به سایر استانها پائینتر بوده است؛ از آن جا که این استانها جزو استانهای محروم کشور هستند، لذا خانوارها به علت سطح درآمد پائین، تقاضای مصرفی کمتری داشته و بنابراین ناهنجاری قیمت مواد غذایی در این استانها نسبت به سایر استانها پائینتر بوده است.
Mehdi Shabanzadeh-Khoshrody1؛ Ebrahim Javdan2؛ mohsen rafati3
1Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Planning Research, Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Tehran, Iran
2Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI). Tehran. Iran.
3Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute
چکیده [English]
Introduction: Food price stability is the main concern of most governments around the world; Because any increase in food prices at the micro level affects the purchasing power of citizens and at the macro level through the inflation channel, it affects many macroeconomic indicators. Materials and Methods: With this approach, in the present study, regional analysis of food price anomaly in Iran has been done. In order to achieve this goal, first, the food price anomaly index (IFPA) was calculated for different provinces for the period of 2018-2022. Furthermore, to comprehension of the price discrepancy in the regions, to pinpoint the underlying cause of the variation among provinces, to recognize provinces exhibiting similar patterns, and to create a visual representation of the food price anomaly across the country's provinces, the K-means clustering technique was employed. Results and Discussion: The findings indicated that throughout the examined years, the provinces of Ilam, Qazvin, Zanjan, and Mazandaran exhibited the highest abnormality in food prices, consecutively. In addition, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan, South Khorasan and East Azarbaijan also had the least abnormality in food prices during the mentioned period. In the following, the provinces were classified into 6 clusters. In all the clusters, there was a direct relationship between expenditure and anomaly, and in the provinces where the real expenditure for buying food or the demand for food was higher, the price anomaly was also higher. The amount of household spending on food in the provinces located in the first cluster including Sistan and Baluchistan, South Khorasan, North Khorasan, Kerman and Hormozgan was lower than other provinces; Since these provinces are among the deprived provinces of the country, households have lower consumption demand due to the low income level, and therefore the food price anomaly in these provinces has been lower than other provinces. On the other hand, in the provinces located in the third cluster, including Tehran, Mazandaran and Alborz, the real household expenditure on food was higher than other provinces. Therefore, in these provinces, although 25% of household expenses are spent on food, the amount of food expenses is numerically higher than other provinces. Therefore, the consumption demand and consequently the food price anomaly in these provinces has been higher than in other provinces of the country. Finally, based on the results, it was observed that in the second, fifth and sixth clusters, the export or smuggling of food and agricultural goods from some border provinces is the main cause of the abnormality of food prices in these clusters. Conclusions: According to the findings, it is suggested that the government revise its market regulation policies and pay special attention to the deprived provinces. Secondly, in order to prevent the growth of food prices in the border provinces, the phenomenon of smuggling should be controlled in the short term through control measures to prevent the unofficial exit of goods and in the long term by making food prices realistic.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Anomaly of food prices, K-means clustering method, household expenses, provinces of Iran