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تعیین کمی سهم خشکسالی و عامل‌های انسانی بر افت سطح آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان کوهدشت استان لرستان | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 146، فروردین 1404، صفحه 19-37 اصل مقاله (1.39 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2024.365631.1584 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا چمن پیرا* 1؛ مهران زند2؛ ابراهیم کریمی سنگچینی1؛ الهام داودی3 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار پژوهشی، پژوهشکدة حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3محقق، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و هدف در استان لرستان به‌دلیل افت شدید سطح آب زیرزمینی آبخوان کوهدشت، در زمرة مناطق برداشت ممنوع آب است. هدف این پژوهش تبیین و توصیف علت‌های افت سطح آب زیرزمینی آبخوان کوهدشت بود. همچنین، سهم عامل‌های طبیعی و ارتباط میان رخداد و تأخیر زمانی خشکسالیهای هواشناسی و زمین‌آب‌شناختی بررسی شد. مواد و روش‌ها به‌منظور تعیین وضعیت رطوبتی سالانة منطقه، شاخص‌های بارندگی SPIو آب زیرزمینی GRI محاسبه شدند. ضریب‌های همبستگی میان شاخص SPI در مقیاس‌های زمانی سالانه، فصلی، 3، 6، 9، 12، 18، 24 و 48 ماهه با میانگین بلندی سطح آب زیرزمینی و شاخص GRI در ماه متناظر، محاسبه شد. سپس، بیلان آب زیرزمینی بررسی و نوع محصولات زراعی منطقه تعیین شد. سرانجام، رابطة همبستگی میان اندازة مصرف آب با میانگین بلندی سطح آب زیرزمینی تعیین و تأثیر اندازة برداشت آب برای هر محصول بر تغییرات کمی منابع آب زیرزمینی بررسی شد. نتایج و بحث نتایج نشان داد 31/02% از کاهش آب آبگیرها مربوط به رخداد خشک‌سالی‌ها و 68/%98 مربوط به عامل‌های انسانی (کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت) بود. حجم آب ورودی به آبخوان 22/46 میلیون مترمکعب و حجم آب مصرفی در بخش کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت 61/09 میلیون متر مکعب بود. ازاین‌رو، اندازة کاهش آب و اضافه برداشت از آبخوان 38/36 میلیون مترمکعب بود که از این اندازه 11/86 میلیون مترمکعب مربوط به خشکسالی و 26/47 میلیون مترمکعب مربوط به عامل‌های انسانی بود. نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادها بر پایة نتایج این پژوهش عامل اصلی افت سطح آب زیرزمینی، نوع مدیریت و بهره‌برداری از منابع آب زیرزمینی، به‌ویژه در بخش کشاورزی بود. با توجه به تأخیر زمانی میان رخداد خشکسالیهای هواشناسی و آب زیرزمینی فرصت مناسبی برای مدیریت و جلوگیری از افت سطح آب زیرزمینی ایجاد خواهد شد. ازاین‌رو، تغییر در مدیریت مصرف آب زیرزمینی از راه تغییر الگوی کشت افزون بر کاهش اثرات منفی خشکسالی، کمبود آب آبخوان را در بلندمدت برطرف می‌کند و سرانجام بیلان آب زیرزمینی را افزایش می‌دهد. پیشنهاد می‌شود با برنامه‌ریزی‌های کوتاه‌مدت، میان‌مدت و بلندمدت الگوی مصرف آب به‌ویژه در بخش کشاورزی اصلاح شود و متناسب با اندازة آب تجدیدپذیر سالانه برای مصارف گوناگون برنامه‌ریزی و اقدام شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبخوان کوهدشت؛ اضافه برداشت؛ بیلان آب زیرزمینی؛ شاخص GRI؛ شاخص SPI؛ مدیریت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination the Quantitative Impact of Drought and Human Factors on Groundwater Level Decline in the Kohdasht Aquifer, Lorestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reza Chamanpira1؛ Mehran Zand2؛ Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini1؛ Elham Davoodi3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Researcher, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction and Goal In Lorestan Province, due to the severe decline in the groundwater level of the Kohdasht Aquifer it falls under the category of prohibited water extraction areas. The aim of this research was explaining and describing the causes of the decline in the groundwater level of the Kohdasht Aquifer. Also, the contribution of natural factors and the relationship between the occurrence and time delay of meteorological and geohydrological droughts were investigated. Materials and Methods In order to determine the annual moisture situation of the region standardized precipitation indices (SPI) and groundwater index (GRI) were calculated. The correlation coefficients between the SPI at annual, seasonal 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48-month time scales with the mean height of the groundwater level and the GRI in the corresponding month were calculated. Then, the groundwater balance was examined, and the types of agricultural products in the region were determined. Finally, the correlation relationship between the amount of water consumption and the mean height of the groundwater level was determined and the effect of the amount of water drop for each product on the quantitative changes in groundwater resources was examined. On the other hand, the correlation relationship between the amount of water drop for the drinking and industrial sectors and the quantitative changes in groundwater resources was determined and the effect of meteorological drought and human factors on the decline in the groundwater level of the aquifer was determined and examined by drawing heat maps. Results and discussion The result showed that 31.02% of the reservoir deficit is related to droughts and 68.98% was related to human factors (agriculture، drinking and industry). The volume of water entering the aquifer is 22.46 million m3 and the volume of water used in agriculture, drinking and industry is 61.09 million m3. Therefore, the amount of water deficit and over-extraction from the aquifer was 38.36 million m3, of which 11.86 million m3 was related to drought and 26.47 million m3 was related to human factors. Conclusion and suggestions Base on the finding of this study, the main cause contributing to the drop on groundwater levels was type of management and exploitation of groundwater resources, particularly in the agricultural sector. Due to the delay time between the occurrences of meteorological and groundwater droughts, there is a good opportunity to manage and prevent the drop of the groundwater level. Therefore, changes in groundwater consumption management by changing the cultivation pattern, in addition to reducing the negative effects of drought, led to the long-term elimination of the water deficit in the reservoir and ultimately an increase in the groundwater balance. It is suggested that the water consumption pattern, especially in the agricultural sector, be improved through short-term, medium-term, and long-term planning, and that planning and action be taken for various uses in proportion to the amount of annual renewable water. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| GRI Index, Groundwater budget, Kohdasht Aquifer, management, overdraft, SPI Index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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