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شناسایی و بررسی اتنوبوتانی گیاهان خوراکی وحشی مرتعی شهرستان شاهرود (مورد مطالعه: مراتع بخش بسطام در شمالشرق استان سمنان) | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 94، مرداد 1403، صفحه 107-119 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2024.131787 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید جلالی1؛ مهدی عابدی* 2؛ عبدالباسط قربانی3؛ فرشید معماریانی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 3پژوهشگر، Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D SE, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف گیاهان خوراکی وحشی در طول تاریخ بخش مهمی از رژیم غذایی انسان بوده و هنوز هم در امنیت غذایی مقرون بهصرفه و پذیرش آنها بالاست. براساس نتایج تحقیقات، این گیاهان وسیلهای برای بقاء در زمان کمبود مواد غذایی، مکمل رژیم غذایی روزانه، تأمین منبع درآمد در جمعیتهای در حال توسعه و بهعنوان بخشی از هویت جوامع محلی بشمار میروند، همچنین میتوانند منابع ژنتیکی مهمی را برای بهدست آوردن محصولات جدید که عملکرد و طعم بهتری دارند فراهم کنند. در مدیریت اکوسیستمهای طبیعی، ارزش حفظ و بهرهبرداری از گیاهان دارویی و خوراکی مراتع یکی از مهمترین ارزشهای مراتع است. در همین راستا، این مطالعه بهمنظور شناسایی و مستندسازی دانش اتنوبوتانی مرتبط با گیاهان خوراکی وحشی مراتع بخش بسطام که در زندگی اجتماعی و اقتصادی جوامع محلی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد انجام شد. منطقهای که تنوع گستردهای از این گیاهان، بخش قابل توجهی از رژیم غذایی را در بین جوامع محلی به خود اختصاص داده است. مواد و روشها این پژوهش بهمنظور ثبت گیاهان خوراکی وحشی مراتع بخش بسطام که از مراتع ییلاقی استان سمنان است انجام شد. بررسیهای میدانی در سالهای 1400 و 1401 انجام گردید و دانش بومی گیاهشناسی با استفاده از مشاهدات میدانی، مشاهدات مشارکتی و مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته از 44 مصاحبهشونده در 12 روستای منطقه در طول کارهای میدانی ثبت شد. بدین منظور از شاخص فراوانی نسبی نقل قول (RFC) و ارزش استفاده (UV) بهعنوان شاخصهای کمی برای تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها استفاده شد. نتایج در مجموع 39 گونه گیاه خوراکی وحشی متعلق به 16 خانواده گیاهی و 29 جنس شناسایی گردید. بزرگترین خانوادههای گیاهی منطقه از نظر تعداد گونه عبارتند از: Lamiaceae (7 گونه گیاهی)، Asteraceae (6 گونه) و Amaryllidaceae و Apiaceae (هریک با 5 گونه). گیاهان علفی فرم رویشی غالب منطقه بودند و از بین بخشهای گیاهی برگهای جوان (21 گونه) پراستفادهترین بخش گیاهی و بهدنبال آن اندامهای هوایی جوان (16 گونه) بود. همچنین بررسیها نشان داد از بین حالتهای مختلف مصرف نیز بیشتر گونههای خوراکی به صورت پخته شده (30 گونه) استفاده میشوند. از سویی سن جوامع بهرهبردار رابطه مثبتی با دانش سنتی در استفاده از گیاهان خوراکی وحشی در منطقه مورد مطالعه داشت و زنها به نسبت مردان سطح بالاتری از دانش بومی در بهرهگیری از گیاهان خوراکی وحشی را داشتند. در بین گونههای شناسایی شده، تره کوهی) (Allium iranicum، پیاز چتری (Allium umbilicatum)، شِنگ (Tragopogon graminifolius)، ترتیزک شور (Lepidium draba) و گزنه (Urtica dioica)، دارای بالاترین ارزش استفاده (UV) بودند. نتیجهگیری یافتههای این مطالعه سهم قابل توجهی در شناسایی، حفظ و استفاده از گیاهان خوراکی وحشی در منطقه مورد مطالعه به عنوان منبع غذایی میتواند داشته باشد و از آنجایی که هیچگونه مطالعه اتنوبوتانی از شهرستان شاهرود بهویژه در مورد گیاهان خوراکی وحشی گزارش نشده است، به نظر میرسد نتایج این مطالعه بتواند اطلاعات ارزشمندی را در مورد گیاهان خوراکی وحشی از مراتع این شهرستان در اختیار قرار دهد. همچنین شناسایی این گیاهان برای راهبردهای حفاظت و استفاده پایدار نیازمند همکاری نزدیک با جوامع محلی است که استفاده کنندگان اصلی این گیاهان هستند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| امنیت غذایی؛ شاخصهای کمی اتنوبوتانی؛ غذای کارکردی؛ گیاه مردمنگاری؛ ارزش مرتع؛ حفاظت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification and investigation of ethnobotanical plants of rangeland wild edible plants in Shahrud (Stakeholders of Rangelands of Bastam district in northeast of Semnan province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Jalali1؛ Mehdi Abedi2؛ Abolbased Ghorbani3؛ Farshid Memariani4 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D SE, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Wild edible plants is an important part of the human diet throughout history and are still affordable and widely accepted in food security. Based on the results of the research, these plants are valuable for survival during times of food shortage, a supplement to the daily diet, providing a source of income in developing populations, and as part of the identity of local communities. They can also be important genetic resources for obtaining new crops with better performance and taste. For natural ecosystems management, the value of preserving and exploiting medicinal and edible plants of rangelands is one of the most important values of rangelands. In this regard, the present study was conducted in order to identify and document the ethnobotanical knowledge related to the wild edible plants of Bastam rangelands, which are used in the social and economic life of local communities and a wide variety of these plants has taken a significant part of the diet among local communities. Materials and methods This research was done in order to record the wild edible plants of the Rangelands of Bastam district, which is one of the summer rangelands of Semnan province. Field surveys were carried out in 2021 and 2022, so that the botany knowledge of people was recorded using field observations, participatory observations and semi-structured interviews from 44 interviewees in 12 villages of the region during field work. The relative frequency of quotation index (RFC) and use value Index (UV) were used as quantitative indices for data analysis. Results The results of this study showed that a total of 39 species of wild edible plants belonging to 16 families and 29 genera were identified in the study area. The largest plant species in the region are: Lamiaceae (7 plant species) followed by Asteraceae (6 species) and Amaryllidaceae and Apiaceae (each with 5 species). The dominant vegetative form of plants in the area was herbs. Among the used plant parts, young leaves (21 species) were the most used plant parts and then young aerial parts (16 species). Studies also showed that among different modes of consumption, most of the food species were cooked (30 species). On the other hand, Human age had a positive relationship with traditional knowledge in the use of wild edible plants in the studied area, and women have a higher level of native knowledge in using wild edible plants than men. Among the identified species, Sabi (Allium iranicum), Siyr kelagh (Allium umbilicatum), Shengi (Tragopogon graminifolius), Jiyjo (Lepidium draba) and Ghazeneh (Urtica dioica) had the highest use value (UV). Conclusion The findings of this study can make a significant contribution to the identification, conservation and use of wild edible plants in the study area as a food source, and since no ethnobotanical study has been reported from Shahrud city, especially about wild edible plants. Therefore, it seems that the results of this study can provide valuable information about wild edible plants from the rangelands of this region. Also, the identification of these plants for conservation strategies and sustainable use requires close cooperation with local communities who are the main users of these plants. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Food Security, Quantitative Ethnobotany Indices, functional foods, Ethnobotany, Rangelands values, conservation | ||
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