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بررسی فلور و شرایط رویشگاهی بیشه زار انجیر وحشی (Ficus johannis Boiss.) در کوهستان شیرکوه یزد | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 22، شماره 4، دی 1393، صفحه 636-648 اصل مقاله (286.54 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2015.13178 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا کریمی1؛ محمدحسین ایران نژاد پاریزی2؛ اصغر مصلح آرانی2؛ بهمن کیانی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| 2هیات علمی دانشگاه یزد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این پژوهش بهمنظور بررسی فلور و شرایط رویشگاهی انجیر وحشی در کوهستان شیرکوه یزد، شرایط اقلیمی با استفاده از اطلاعات نزدیکترین ایستگاههای هواشناسی و وضعیت خاک رویشگاه با برداشت نمونهها و آنالیز فیزیکی و شیمیایی آنها بررسی شدند. اقلیم منطقه خشک معتدل ارزیابی شد که متوسط بارش سالانه آن 177/7 میلیمتر و متوسط دمای سالانه 14/4 درجه سانتیگراد است. نتایج بررسی خاکشناسی نشان دادند که گونه انجیر وحشی در خاکهای غیر شور تا کمی شور و قلیایی با اسیدیته 7/7 تا 8/4 و بافت شنی - لومی رشد میکند. ضمن انجام مطالعه فلورستیک، با انجام آماربرداری به روش خط نمونه، وضعیت کمی و کیفی جمعیت در دو زیرحوزه موردمطالعه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در رویشگاه موردمطالعه تعداد 27 خانواده، 64 جنس و 73 گونه گیاهی حضور دارند. تیرههای Compositae با 22 درصد (16 گونه) و Labiatae با 14 درصد (10 گونه) به ترتیب بیشترین غنای گونه ای را در دو زیرحوزه موردبررسی داشتند. اشکال زیستی منطقه شامل کامفیتها 25 گونه (34%)، تروفیتها نه گونه (12%)، همیکریپتوفیتها 27 گونه (40%)، میکروفانروفیتها و نانوفانروفیتها چهار گونه (5%)، ژئوفیتها پنج گونه (6%) و مزوفانروفیتها یک گونه (1%) بودند. از 73 گونه گیاهی موجود در منطقه 15 گونه گیاهی اندمیک ایران هستند. یافتههای میدانی نشان دادند که انجیر وحشی گونهای صخرهدوست و آبدوست میباشد و بیشتر در حاشیه درهها (بهدلیل رطوبت بیشتر) حضور پیدا میکند. نتایج برآوردهای کمی نشان داد در زیرحوزه مزرعه قبله تراکم 46 پایه و درصد تاج پوشش 3/51 درصد و در زیرحوزه صادقآباد تراکم 49 پایه و درصد تاج پوشش 7/76 درصد بود. بررسی مشخصههای کیفی گونه انجیر وحشی نشان داد که وضعیت کلی این گونه در حد متوسط است. عارضه خشکی سرشاخه در اکثر پایههای انجیر وحشی وجود داشت اما از نظر آسیبدیدگی تنه اکثر پایههای انجیر وحشی سالم بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| انجیر وحشی؛ ایران – تورانی؛ شرایط رویشگاهی؛ شکل زیستی؛ شیرکوه؛ گونه های اندمیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation on flora and habitat conditions of wild Fig (Ficus johannis Boiss.) in Shirkuh Mountains, Yazd | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Karimi1؛ Mohammad Hossein Iran-Nezhad Parizi2؛ Asghar Mosleh Arani2؛ Bahman Kiani2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. candidate of forestry, Yazd University, Yazd, I.R. Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, I.R. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this survey, we investigated the flora and habitat conditions of wild Fig (Ficus johannis Boiss.) in a part of its natural habitat in Yazd province. To obtain climatic information, the required data were obtained from the closest climatologic stations. With average precipitation of 177.4 mm/year and the average annual temperature of 14.4 °C, the study area is a dry temperate region. Physiochemical analyses were conducted on previously-taken soil samples. Floristic investigation was conducted in two subdistricts (Sadegh-Abad and Mazrae-Ghebleh). Moreover, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees were recorded via transect sampling. Results of soil analysis indicated that F. johannis grows in the soils featuring a pH ranging between 7.74 and 8.39 with sand-silt texture. Results also showed that there were 27 families, 64 genera and 73 species in the study area. The family of Compositae with 22% (16 species) and Labiatae with 14% (10 species) presented the highest richness among all families. In terms of biological forms, the following composition was indicated: Chaemoephytes with 34% (25 species), Throphytes with 12% (7 species), Hemicryptophytes with 40% (27 species), Microphanerophytes and Nanophanerophytes with 5% (4 species), Geophytes with 6% (5 species) and Mezophanerophytes with 1 % (one species). Among the total 90 species, 15 species were found to be endemic to Iran. F. johannis was evaluated as a hydrophyte species according to its frequent growth in valley margins which is due to higher moisture content. The transect sampling resulted in calculating the population density and cover in Mazrae-Ghebleh (46 ha-1 and 3.51 %.ha-1) as well as in Sadegh-Abad district (49 ha-1 and 7.76 %.ha-1), respectively. Overall qualitative features of trees were moderate. Partial withering of branches was observed in majority of trees but no damage was observed on stems. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Wild fig, Irano-Turanian, site conditions, life form, Shirkooh, Endemic species | ||
| مراجع | ||
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- Abrari Vajari, K. and Veiskarami, Gh. 2004. Floristic staudy of Hashtad-Pahloo Region, Khoram Abad (Lorestan province). Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi, 2(18): 58-64 (In Persian). - Baghestani, N., 2000. Final report of the plan: Collection and identification of plants of Yazd province and herbarium construction. Agricultural and Natural Resources Reesrach center of Yazd Province, 130p (In Persian). - Esmaeilzadeh A., Hosseini, S.M., and Oladi J. 2005. Presentation of flora, life form and geographic distribution of plants in Taxus baccata site in Afra-Takhteh. Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi, 3(18): 66-76 (In Persian). - Ghoochani., R. 2004. Study of flora and plant communities of Kheza-Abad region, Yazd, M. Sc. Thesis, Payam Noor University, Tehran, 120 p (In Persian). - Iran-Nezhad Parizi, M.H. 1995. Ecological investigation of plant communities of Almond natural species in Kerman Province. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Forestry, Tarbiat Modares University, 145 p (In Persian). - Jahanbazi Goojani, H. 1999. Investigation on site demands of Elm in Tange-Hooni, Bazoft, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Forestry, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 64 p (In Persian). - Jalili, A. and Jamzad, Z. 1999. Red data book of Iran. A preliminary survey of endemic, rare and endangered plants species in Iran. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 750p (In Persian). - Kashipazha, A.H., Asri, Y. and Moradi, H.R. 2004. Introduction of flora, living form and geographical distribution of plants in Shad Garden. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 2(17): 95-103 (In Persian). - Mirjalili, A. 1997. Floristic study and investigation of plant communities of Harat and Marvast region, Yazd. M. Sc. Thesis, Tehran University, 121 p (In Persian). - Mozaffarian, V. 1996. Dictionary of Iran plant’s names. Farhang Moaser Press, 760p (In Persian). - Razavi, S.A. and Hassan Abbas, N. 2009. A floristic and chorology investigation of oriental arborvitae in Sourkesh Reserve (Fazel Abad- Golestan Province). Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, (16): 83-100 (In Persian). - Safikhani, K., Rahiminezhad, M.R. and Kolvandi, R. 2006. Floristic staudy and biotic forms of plants in Khan-Gormoz protected area, Hamedan Province. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 3(19): 70-78 (In Persian). - Sheikholeslami, A. and Ahmadi, T. 2007. Study of site specifications of Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.)Spach in Mashalk forest, Nowshahr. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 75: 92-102 (In Persian). - Zarezadeh, A. 2000. Final report of the project: Collection and detectionof the medicinal plants of Yazd province. Agricultural and Natural Resources Reesrach center of Yazd Province, 433p (In Persian). - Zarezadeh, A., Mirvakili, S.M. and Mirhosseini, A. 2007. Presentation of flora, life form and geographic distribution of plants in Damgahan Valley, Mehriz, (Yazd Province). Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi, 74: 129-137 (In Persian). - Zobeiri, M. 2002. Forest biometry. Tehran University Press, 411p (In Persian). In this survey, we investigated the flora and habitat conditions of wild Fig (Ficus johannis Boiss.) in a part of its natural habitat in Yazd province. To obtain climatic information, the required data were obtained from the closestclimatologicstations. With average precipitation of 177.4 mm/year and the average annual temperature of 14.4 °C, the study area is a dry temperate region. Physiochemicalanalyses were conducted on previously-taken soil samples. Floristic investigation was conducted in two subdistricts (Sadegh-Abad and Mazrae-Ghebleh). Moreover, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees were recorded via transect sampling. Results of soil analysis indicated that F. johannis grows in the soils featuring a pH ranging between 7.74 and 8.39 with sand-silt texture. Results also showed that there were 27 families, 64 genera and 73 species in the study area. The family of Compositae with 22% (16 species) and Labiatae with 14% (10 species) presented the highest richness among all families. In terms of biological forms, the following composition was indicated: Chaemoephytes with 34% (25 species), Throphytes with 12% (7 species), Hemicryptophytes with 40% (27 species), Microphanerophytes and Nanophanerophytes with 5% (4 species), Geophytes with 6% (5 species) and Mezophanerophytes with 1 % (one species). Among the total 90 species, 15 species were found to be endemic to Iran. F. johannis was evaluated as a hydrophyte species according to its frequent growth in valley margins which is due to higher moisture content. The transect sampling resulted in calculating the population density and cover in Mazrae-Ghebleh (46 ha-1 and 3.51 %.ha-1) as well as in Sadegh-Abad district (49 ha-1 and 7.76 %.ha-1), respectively. Overall qualitative features of trees were moderate. Partial withering of branches was observed in majority of trees but no damage was observed on stems. | ||
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