| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,386,445 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,561,612 |
تأثیر نیتروژن و مالچ گندم بر کنترل علفهای هرز، عملکرد و اسانس گیاه زنیان (.Trachyspermum ammi L) در تاریخهای مختلف کاشت | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 137، بهمن 1402، صفحه 133-110 اصل مقاله (756.67 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.364010.1664 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اصغر غلامی1؛ مهدی مدن دوست* 2 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شناسایی و مبارزه با علفهای هرز، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، فارس، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، فارس، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این پژوهش رشد و عملکرد زنیان با تلفیق نیتروژن و مالچ کلش گندم در تاریخهای مختلف کاشت بررسی شد. این آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی شیراز انجام شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل سه تاریخ کاشت شامل 15 بهمن، 15 اسفند، 15 فروردین و شش سطح تلفیق کود اوره و مالچ شامل 100 کیلوگرم کود اوره، 100 کیلوگرم کود اوره + مالچ، 50 کیلوگرم کود اوره، 50 کیلوگرم کود اوره + مالچ، مالچ به تنهایی و شاهد (عدم مصرف کود و مالچ) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تراکم علفهای هرز در 100 درصد نیاز شیمیایی نیتروژن مشاهده شد، همچنین مصرف به تنهایی مالچ گندم در این آزمایش توانسته کمترین تراکم علفهای هرز نشان دهد. کاهش شاخصهای رویشی زنیان در تاریخ کاشت 15 فرردین ممکن است بهعلت تاثیر زمان بر صفات فیزیولوژیک از جمله محتوای کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ باشد. وزن خشک اندام هوایی و عملکرد دانه نیز تحت تاثیر تاخیر در زمان کاشت قرار گرفت و کاهش معنی‌داری داشت. در تیمار 100 کیلوگرم کود اوره با مالچ و یا بدون مالچ بیشترین وزن خشک اندام هوایی به مقدار 5830-5438 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بیشترین اسانس 59/2-52/2 درصد مشاهده شد که نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنیدار 31-22 درصد وزن ماده خشک و 15-12 درصد اسانس دانه نشان داد. در مجموع تاریخ کاشت 15 بهمن و یا 15 اسفند و تیمار 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره با مالچ برای کاشت گیاه زنیان توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اوره؛ شاخص برداشت؛ کلروفیل؛ محتوای نسبی آب برگ؛ نانخواه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of nitrogen and wheat mulch on weeds control, yield and essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi L. in different planting dates | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Asghar Gholami1؛ Mehdi Madandoust2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. graduate of Weed Identification and Control, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Fars, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Agronomy Department, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Fars, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Early planting of Apiaceae plants caused the plants to dry due to long-term exposure to cold and root frostbite (Khorramdel et al., 2013). Different planting operations and weed management significantly affect the amount of active ingredients of medicinal plants (Saydi et al., 2016). Despite the studies conducted on the positive effects of using nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and essential oil of Ajowan plant, no study has been done on the combination of nitrogen and wheat mulch, and their combination in different planting dates can be effective in controlling weeds. Therefore, increase the competitive power of Ajowan and its effect on grain yield and its essential oil has been one of the important goals of this research. Materials & Methods This experiment was conducted factorially in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The first factor of experiment included three different planting dates (Feb 1st, Mar 1st and Apr 1st) and the second factor included six combinations (100 kg of urea fertilizer, 100 kg of urea fertilizer + mulch, 50 kg of urea fertilizer, 50 kg of urea fertilizer + mulch, mulch and control). The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2023 as a farm in Shiraz. The Ajowan seeds was obtained from Pars Exir Company. Physiological traits were measured at the full flowering stage of Ajowan plants and yield traits were measured at the end of the growth period. Physiological traits included the content of relative humidity of water and chlorophylls of leaves. Yield and yield components (including number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel and weight of 1000 seeds) were measured. The harvest index was obtained by dividing the grain yield by the biological yield (dry weight of aerial parts + grain yield). Results & Discussion Planting date and fertilizer compounds affected the density and dry weight of weeds. The highest density and dry weight of weeds were obtained on the planting date of Apr 1st. (10.22 plant and 32.06 g/m-2). The delay in planting caused a decrease of 4.21% in the relative water content of leaves. The planting date of Feb 1st and consumption of 100 kg of urea fertilizer increased the chlorophyllab content (43.66%). The change in planting date due to the change in day length, temperature and relative humidity has a significant effect on the growth and development and photosynthetic indices during the growing season (Khorramdel et al., 2013). The number of umbels in the plants was showed a significant increase of 13.4% on the planting date of Feb 1st. On the other hand, the highest number of umbels was observed in Ajowan plant in the treatment of 100 kg of urea fertilizer with or without mulch (28.3 and 27.2). The percentage of grain essential oil was not affected by the interaction of the experimental factors, but it showed a significant increase on the planting dates of Apr 1st and Mar 1st. On the other hand, the highest percentage of essential oil was observed in the treatment of 100 kg/ha and 50 kg/ha of urea fertilizer (2.55 and 2.70%), which showed a significant increase compared to the control (0.3% and 0.45% respectively). Although the delay in planting caused a decrease in growth and yield (22.97%), it caused a significant increase in the amount of essential oil of Ajowan (12.93%). Conclusion The use of urea fertilizer alone or together with wheat mulch was effective in increasing the amount of photosynthetic pigments and thus increasing yield and yield components. It seems that in different planting dates, the use of wheat mulch by increasing the relative content of leaf water has an effect on improving growth indicators. Also, the use of 100 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare in combination with wheat mulch increased grain yield, but did not have much effect on essential oil. The treatment of 50 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare in combination with wheat mulch at a lower level has been able to improve grain yield. In total, it is recommended to use 100 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare in combination with wheat mulch for planting Ajowan plants. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ajowan, Chlorophyll, HI, RWC, Urea | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmaed, M.M.Y. Meawad, A.A.A., and Abdelkader, M.A.I. 2021. Response of growth and productivity of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) of chemical, organic and biological, fertilizers. Zagazig Journal Agriculture Research, 48(5): 1237-1244. Akbarinia, A., Khosravifard, M., Rezaee, M.B., and Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. 2005. Comparison of fall and spring cultivation on seed yield of some medicinal plant under irrigation and no-irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 21(3): 319-334. (In Persian) Arnon, D. E. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase (Beta vulgaris). Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15. Attarzadeh, M., Balouchi, H., Rajaie, M., Dehnavi, M.M., and Salehi, A. 2019. Growth and nutrient content of Echinacea purpurea as affected by the combination of phosphorus with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Pseudomonas florescent bacterium under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Environmental Management, 231: 182-188. Ayub M., Nadeem, M.A., Tanveer, A., Tahir, M., Saqib, M.T.Y., and Nawaz, R. 2008. Effect of different sowing methods and times on the growth and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(1): 259-264. Bagheri, F., and Balouchi, H.R. 2013. The effect of planting date on some quantitative and qualitative traits of nine grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars in Yasouj region. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 3(9): 29-43. (In Persian) Bahramifar, A., and Baziar, M.R. 2022. Improving the nutrient content, physiological indices and grain yield of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) with the application of vermicomposting at different planting dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 20(2): 163-178. (In Persian) Behzadnejad, J., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Aein, A., and Mokhtassi Bidgoli, A. 2020. Wheat straw mulching helps improve yield in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under drought stress. International Journal of Plant Production, 14: 389-400. Boroumand Rezazadeh, Z., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Rashed Mohassel, M.H. 2010. Effects of planting date and plant density on morphological characteristics and essential oil content of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi (Linn). Sprague). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 40(4):161-172. (In Persian) Davazdahemami, S., and Majnoonhosseini, H. 2014. Cultivation and production of certain herbs and spices. University of Tehran Press, 320p. (In Persian) Dhillon, S., and Fischer, R. 1994. Date of sowing effects on grain yield and yield components of irrigated spring wheat cultivars and relationships with radiation and temperature in Ludhiana, India. Field Crops Research, 37(3): 169-184. Eblagh, N., Fateh, E., Farzane, M., and Osfuri, M. 2014. Effect of cattle manure application, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and different phosphrous levels on yield and essence components of Trachyspermum ammi L. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 23(4): 1-15. (In Persian)Gedic, O., and Akgul, F. 2023. Impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the productivity and qualitative parameters of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Turkish Journal Field Crops, 28(2): 291-300. Ghorbani, R., Koocheki, A., Jahani, M., Hosseini, A., Mohammad Abadi, A.A., and Sabet Teimouri, M. 2010. Effect of planting date, weed control time and method on yield and yield components of cumin. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(1): 143-151. (In Persian) Guo, J., Fan, J., Zhang, F., Yan, S., Wu, Y., Zheng, J., and Xiang, Y. 2021. Growth, grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of rainfed maize in response to straw mulching and urea blended with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer: A two-year field study. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 68(11): 1-14. Han, H.S., and Lee, K.D. 2006. Effect of inoculation with phosphate and potassium in solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52: 130-136. Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Amiri, H., and Ismaili, A. 2018. Evaluation of photosynthesis, physiological, and biochemical responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Pirouz) under water deficit stress and use of vermicompost fertilizer. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(11): 2426-2437. Hussain, M., Farooq, M., Shabir, G., Khan, M.B., Zia, A.B., and Lee, D.J. 2012. Delay in planting decreases wheat productivity. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 14(4): 533-539. Jahan, M., Sen, R., Ishtiaque, S., Choudhury, A.K., Akhter, S., Ahmed, F., Biswas, J.C., Manirruzaman, M., Miah, M.M., and Rahman, M. 2018. Optimizing sowing window for wheat cultivation in Bangladesh using CERES-wheat crop simulation model. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 258: 23-29. Kader, M.A., Singha, A., Begum, M.A., Jewel, A., Khan, F.H., and Khan, N.I. 2019. Mulching as water-saving technique in dryland agriculture. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43: 1-6. Kara, N. 2015. Yield, quality, and growing degree days of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) under different agronomic practices. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39(6):1014-1022. Khichar, M.L., and Niwas, I. 2006. Microclimatic profiles under different sowing environment in wheat. Journal of Agrometeorology, 8(2): 201-209. Khorramdel, S., Shabahang, J., and Ebrahimian, E. 2013. The Studying of yield and content of essential oil of Ajowan under the influence of different levels of nitrogen. 2013. 1st Regional Congress on Medical Plants of North of Iran, May, 2013. (In Persian)Lang, C.A. 1958. Simple micro determination of kjeldahl nitrogen in biological materials. Analytical Chemistry, 30(10): 1692-1694. Moradian, A., and Yousefi, A. 2018. Evaluation of the effect of wheat mulch and nitrogen fertilizer on weed growth and some agronomic traits of Dracocephalum moldavica. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 48:1055-1068. (In Persian) Moosavi, S.G.R. Segatoleslami, M.J., and Pooyan, M. 2012. Effect of planting date and plant density on yield and seed yield components of Plantago ovata L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(4): 681-699. (In Persian) Mousapour, H., Ghanbari, A., and Asghari Pour, M.R. 2017. Effect of sowing date on yield, yield components, secondary metabolites content and weed control in ajwain and isabgol intercropping. Journal of Crop Improvement, 18(4): 835-850. (In Persian) Nasiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvani, A., and Beheshti, A. 2016. Agroecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. 460p. (In Persian) Ozgüven, M., Muzaffer, K., Şener, B., Orhan, I., Şeeroğlu, N., Kartal, M., and Kaya, Z. 2008. Effects of varying nitrogen doses on yield, yield components and artemisinin content of Artemissia annua L. Industrial Crops and Products, 27(1): 60-64. Rahma, A.E., Warrington, D.N., and Lei, T. 2019. Efficiency of wheat straw mulching in reducing soil and water losses from three typical soils of the Loess Plateau, China. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(4): 335-345. Rahman, M.A., Chikushi, J., Saifizzaman, M., and Lauren, J.G. 2005. Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh. Field Crops Research, 91(1): 71-81. Ray, R.L., Ampim, P.A., and Gao, M. 2020. Crop protection under drought stress. Crop Protection Under Changing Climate, pp: 145-170. Saydi, Z., Fateh, E., and Aynehband, A. 2016. Effect of nitrogen and organic fertilizers in soil properties and essential oil characteristics of Ajowan. Journal of Crop Production, 9(2): 175-192. Shahriari, S., Azizi, M., Aroiee, H., and Ansari, H. 2013. Effect of different irrigation levels and mulch application on growth parameters and essential oil content of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 29(3): 568-582. (In Persian)Soleimani, B., Khosh Khui, M., and Ramezani, S. 2011. Planting date effects on growth, seed yield essential oil content and chemical composition of Ajowan. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 5(3): 7-11. Subedi, K., Ma, B., and Xue, A. 2007. Planting date and nitrogen effects on grain yield and protein content of spring wheat. Crop Science, 47(1): 36-44. Ullah, H., and Honermeier, B. 2013. Fruit yield, essential oil concentration and composition of three anise cultivars (Pimpinella anisum L.) in relation to sowing date, sowing rate and locations. Industerial Crop Production, 42: 489–499. Wang, X., Fan, J., Xing, Y., Xu, G., Wang, H., Deng, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Li, P., and Li, Z. 2019. The effects of mulch and nitrogen fertilizer on the soil environment of crop plants. Advances in Agronomy, 153: 121-173.Yosefi Shiadeh, S.M., Chalavi, V., and Zangi, S. 2015. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and photoperiod on greenhouse production of medicinal plant stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Journal of Science & Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 6(21): 31-38. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 52 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 49 |
||