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تاثیر روش های خاک ورزی بر عملکرد و بیماریهای مهم خاکزاد سیبزمینی | ||
| تحقیقات سامانه‌ها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| دوره 24، شماره 87، تیر 1402، صفحه 55-68 اصل مقاله (1.2 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/amsr.2024.365083.1478 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| زین العابدین امیدمهر* | ||
| عضو هیات علمی بخش فنی و مهندسی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خاکورزی حفاظتی فرسایش خاک را کاهش می‌دهد، اما بیم آن میرود که در سالهای اولیه موجب کاهش عملکرد و افزایش بیماریهای گیاهی شود. به منظور مطالعۀ اثر روشهای مختلف خاکورزی بر عملکرد سیبزمینی و شدت و میزان وقوع آلودگی بیماریهای غالب خاکزاد سیبزمینی (پژمردگی فوزاریومی، پوسیدگی خشک و اسکب معمولی)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح آماری کرت‌های نواری بر پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد که در آن عامل افقی شامل روشهای خاکورزی: 1-شخم با گاوآهن برگردان‌دار (روش رایج در منطقه)، 2- کمخاکورزی با گاوآهن قلمی، 3- شخم با گاوآهن بشقابی و 4- کمخاکورزی با چیزلپکر و عامل عمودی شامل دو تیمار: جمع‌آوری و حفظ بقایای گیاهی بودند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که اثر روشهای خاکورزی بر عملکرد محصول در سه سال آزمایش ثابت نبوده است. در سال اول آزمایش روش خاکورزی رایج بیشترین میزان عملکرد سیبزمینی را دارا بود. اما سال سوم آزمایش، بیشترین عملکرد سیبزمینی مربوط به روش کمخاکورزی با چیزلپکر بود. اثر روشهای خاکورزی بر بیماریهای خاکزاد سیبزمینی (پژمردگی فوزاریومی، پوسیدگی خشک و اسکب) معنیدار نبود. مطابق نتایج کمخاکورزی در مقایسه با روش خاکورزی رایج، نه تنها موجب کاهش عملکرد محصول و افزایش بیماریهای خاکزاد سیبزمینی نشد، بلکه موجب کاهش ترافیک مزرعهای، زمان اجرای عملیات و مصرف سوخت شد که از مزایای خاکورزی حفاظتی است. بنابراین پیشنهاد میشود روش کمخاکورزی با چیزلپکر جایگزین روش رایج خاکورزی با گاوآهن برگردان‌دار شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شخم؛ عملکرد؛ فوزاریوم؛ کم خاک ورزی؛ گاوآهن برگردان‌دار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Tillage Methods on Yield and Important Soil-Borne Diseases of Potato | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zaynolabedin omidmehr | ||
| Member of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Semnan (Shahrood), Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resource Research Center, AREEO, Shahrood, lran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Conservation tillage reduces soil erosion, but there might be a concern it that for a few years it might reduce crop yield and increase plant diseases. In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on potato yield and the severity and rate of infection of the main soil-borne diseases of potato (Fusarium wilt, dry rot and common scab), an experiment was conducted in the form of a strip plot statistical design based on completely randomized blocks with three replications, where the horizontal factor were tillage methods: 1- Plowing with a moldboard plow (Conventional method), 2- Reduced tillage with a chisel plow, 3- Plowing with a disc plow and 4- Reduced tillage with a chisel packer, and the vertical factor were: collection and preservation of plant residues. The results indicated that in the first year, the highest yield of potatoes related to conventional tillage method. However, in the third year of the experiment, the highest yield of potatoes was show in obtain from reduced tillage method with a chisel packer. The effects of tillage methods on potato soil-borne diseases (Fusarium wilt, dry rot and scab) was not significant. Reduced tillage comparing to the conventional tillage method, not only did not reduce the yield of the crop and didn’t increase the soil-borne diseases of potatoes, but also caused a decrease in the field traffic, operation time and fuel consumption. The suggestion is that the reduced tillage with a chisel packer can be replaced with the conventional tillage using moldboard plow. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Fusarium, Moldboard Plow, Plowing, Reduced Tillage, Tuber Yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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