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تأثیر باکتری‌های محرک رشد و ورمی‌کمپوست بر برخی پارامترهای رشدی، جذب عناصر غذایی و اسانس Satureja hortensis L. در شرایط تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 40، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 120، تیر 1403، صفحه 241-258 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.363071.3351 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امید حیدر پور1؛ بهروز اسماعیل پور* 2؛ علی اشرف سلطانی3؛ زهرا اصلانی4 | ||
| 1گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 2دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- دانشکده علوم کشاورزی | ||
| 3گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 4علوم باغبانی- دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: کمبود آب اثرهای نامطلوبی بر فرایندهای فیزیولوژیکی مانند فتوسنتز، جذب عناصر غذایی، توسعه و تقسیم سلولی، تجمع و انتقال مواد غذایی داشته و بدین طریق موجب کاهش عملکرد گیاهان می‌گردد. کودهای زیستی باعث تحریک جوانه‌زنی، افزایش طول ریشه، فتوسنتز، در دسترس بودن و جذب مواد مغذی خاک و فعالیت میکروبی خاک در شرایط استرس‌زا می‌شوند. کاربرد کودهای ارگانیک مانند کمپوست و ورمی‌کمپوست برای بهبود انعطاف‌پذیری و عملکرد محصول نشان داده شده است. استفاده از اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی می‌تواند باعث افزایش کربن و محتوی کل مواد آلی در خاک و همچنین افزایش تغذیه معدنی و ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک شود. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تنش خشکی، باکتری‌های محرک رشد و ورمی‌کمپوست بر عملکرد، میزان عناصر غذایی و اجزای اسانس گیاه مرزه است. مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1396-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: تنش خشکی در سه سطح (S1: آبیاری کامل، S2: قطع آبیاری در 50% گلدهی و S3: قطع آبیاری در اوایل گلدهی)، مایه‌کوبی شامل عدم مایه‌کوبی و مایه‌کوبی با باکتری سودوموناس 15P و باکتری استرپتومایسس و ورمی‌کمپوست در چهار سطح (صفر، 1، 1.5 و 2 تن در هکتار) بود. قبل از کاشت بذرهای مورد نظر را در محرک‌های زیستی قرار داده و به‌صورت بذرمال آماده شد. بذر مرزه به‌صورت ردیفی با فاصله بین ردیف‌ها 25 سانتی‌متر و فاصله روی ردیف‌ها 20 سانتی‌متر و در عمق 0.5 سانتی‌متری کشت گردید. برای اعمال تیمار آبیاری، خاک مزرعه در افق ریشه‌های گیاه تا عمق 20 سانتی‌متر با حفر پروفیل، بررسی شد. برای کنترل آب از روش وزنی استفاده گردید. ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای و نقطه پژمردگی دائم با استفاده از نمونه‌های دست‌نخورده در حالت 24 ساعت پس از اشباع خاک برای ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای و قرار دادن در دستگاه مکش با 15 اتمسفر فشار منفی برای نقطه پژمردگی دائم بدست آمد و مقادیر مربوط برای خاک در عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متر با توجه به لایه‌بندی خاک و از تفاضل آنها میزان آب قابل استفاده خاک تعیین شد. در طول آزمایش آب قابل استفاده (با توجه به مرحله رشدی گیاه) توسط سیلندر نمونه‌برداری خاک و انتقال به آون به‌صورت درصد وزنی رطوبت تعیین شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک شاخساره، وزن خشک ریشه، غلظت عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم و اجزای اسانس بودند. نتایج: براساس نتایج بدست آمده تنش خشکی، ورمی‌کمپوست و مایه‌کوبی با باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده تأثیر معنی‌داری داشته است. به‌طوری که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (62.36 سانتی‌متر)، وزن خشک شاخساره (28.72 گرم)، وزن خشک ریشه (6.35 گرم)، جذب فسفر (1.3%) و میزان جذب پتاسیم (2.3%) در شرایط بدون تنش، کاربرد دو تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و مایه‌کوبی با باکتری استرپتومایسس و کمترین میزان ارتفاع بوته ( 22.33 سانتی‌متر)، وزن خشک شاخساره(18.33 گرم)، وزن خشک ریشه (3.07 گرم)، فسفر ( 0.85%) و پتاسیم ( 1.2%) در بسترهای کاشت بدون کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و بدون مایه‌کوبی با محرک‌های زیستی و در تیمار تنش قطع آبیاری در ابتدای گلدهی بدست آمد. همچنین بالاترین میزان کارواکرول (62%) و گاما-ترپینن (26/9%) در تیمار تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری در ابتدای گلدهی) و بسترهای حاوی 2 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست در گیاهان مایه‌کوبی شده با باکتری استرپتومایسس بدست آمد. نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست همراه با باکتری‌های محرک رشد را می‌توان به‌عنوان کودهای کشاورزی پایدار حاوی میکروارگانیسم‌های مفید برای بهبود عملکرد رشد و اجزای اسانس گیاه مرزه در شرایط تنش خشکی و بدون تنش پیشنهاد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس؛ باکترهای محرک رشد؛ تنش خشکی؛ مرزه؛ ورمی‌کمپوست | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of PGPRS and vermicompost on some morphological parameters, nutrients and essential oil composition of Satureja hortensis L. under drought stress conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| O. Heidarpour1؛ B. Esmaielpour2؛ A. Soltani3؛ zahra aslani4 | ||
| 1Faculty of Agriculture Science , Mohaghegh Ardabili University | ||
| 2- | ||
| 3Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Mohaghegh Ardabili University | ||
| 4Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants that grows in different parts of the world, including Iran. Water deficit has adverse effects on physiological processes such as photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, development and division of cells, and accumulation and transfer of nutrients, thus reducing the performance of plants. In contrast, biofertilizers play a prominent role in the growth and development of plants by improving the absorption of nutrients and sufficient water through changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil. This study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress, growth-promoting bacteria (PGPRS) and vermicompost on the yield, amount of nutrients and essential components of the savory plant. Materials and methods: A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran, from 2016-2017. Treatments included three levels of drought stress (Full irrigation (S1), Water cut at 50% of flowering (S2), and water cut in early stages of flowering (S3), four vermicompost levels (including 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 t. ha-1) and included inoculation with microorganisms at three levels (non-inoculation, inoculation with Streptomyces and Pseudomonas fluorescens p15). Before planting, the seeds were inoculated with biological stimulants. Then, seeds were cultivated in rows at a distance of 25 cm between the rows, 20 cm on rows and at a depth of 0.5 cm. To apply the irrigation treatment, the field's soil was investigated in the horizon of the plant roots up to a depth of 20 cm by digging a profile. The weight method was used to control water. Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) were measured using intact samples 24 hours after soil saturation for field capacity and placed in a suction device with 15 atmospheres of negative pressure for permanent wilting point. The corresponding values for the soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm were determined according to the layering of the soil, and from their difference, the amount of usable soil water (AW) was determined. During the test, the usable water (depending on the plant's growth stage) was determined by the soil sampling cylinder and transferred to the oven in the form of moisture percentage by weight. The examined parameters included plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and concentration of phosphorus, potassium, and essential oil components. Results: Based on the obtained results, drought stress, vermicompost, and inoculation with PGPRS had a significant effect on the measured parameters. So that the maximum plant height (62.36 cm), shoot dry weight (28.72 grams) and root dry weight (6.35 grams), phosphorus (1.3 percent) and potassium absorption (3.3 percent) were obtained under non-stress conditions, application of vermicompost two tons per hectare of and inoculation with Streptomyces bacteriaand the lowest amount of plant height (22.33 cm), shoot dry weight (18.33 grams), dry weight roots (3.07 grams), phosphorus (0.85 percent) and potassium (1.2 percent) were observed in the planting beds without vermicompost application and non-inoculation with biological stimulants and in severity drought stress. Also, the highest amount of carvacrol (62%) and gamma-terpinene (26.9%) was obtained in the treatment of severe drought stress and beds containing two tons per hectare of vermicompost in plants inoculated with Streptomyces. Conclusion: Vermicompost with growth-promoting bacteria can be a sustainable agricultural fertilizer containing beneficial microorganisms that improve the growth performance and essential components of savory plants under drought stress and non-stress conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Essential oil, plant growth-promoting bacteria, drought stress, Satureja hortensis L, vermicompost | ||
| مراجع | ||
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