1استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، گروه مهندسی آب، تهران، ایران
2دانشجو دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، گروه مهندسی آب، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پراکنش نامناسب زمانی و مکانی بارندگی و عدم مدیریت عرضه و تقاضای منابع آب در کشور به ویژه در مناطق بسیار کم آب و خشک مانند استان هرمزگان، مدیریت منابع آب را به خصوص در بخش کشاورزی با مشکلات جدی رو به رو ساخته است. در این وضعیت تجارت درون کشوری آب مجازی میتواند با صرف هزینههای کمتر بخش عمدهای از مشکلات را در بخش توزیع آب حل کند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کل واردات و صادرات آب مجازی استان هرمزگان به ترتیب 1284/3 و 1131/1 میلیون مترمکعب در سال میباشد. سهم بخش زراعی، باغی و دامی از واردات آب مجازی بهترتیب 61/44%، 9/97% و 28/59% و همچنین از صادرات آب مجازی بهترتیب 35/32%، 59/18% و 5/5% بهدست آمد. تراز تجارت آب مجازی این استان برابر 142/5 میلیون مترمکعب است. همچنین شاخص کمآبی، شاخص شدت مصرف آب، شاخص وابستگی آب به واردات آب مجازی و شاخص خودکفایی آب به واردات آب مجازی استان هرمزگان به ترتیب برابر63%، 58%، 6/9% و 4/90% به دست آمد. یکی از مهمترین دلایل صادرات آب مجازی در استان هرمزگان تولید محصولات آببر مانند خرما، سبزیجات، صیفیجات میباشد. مهمترین منبع واردات آب مجازی به استان ناشی از وارد کردن برنج و گندم است. همچنین نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که استان هرمزگان دارای پتانسیل نسبتاً کمی در استفاده از آب سبز بوده به طوریکه حدود 7/8 درصد تولیدات زراعی و باغی استان به وسیله آب سبز تولید میشوند. در نتیجه پیشنهاد میشود الگوی کشت استان هرمزگان به سمت استفاده بیشتر از آب سبز (مانند غلات و میوهها) و پرهیز از کاشت محصولات آببر تابستانه مانند ذرت و سیبزمینی تغییر جهت داده شود.
Evaluation of Hormozgan Province Agricultural and Water Resources Situation by Using Conceptualization of Virtual Water Trade
نویسندگان [English]
Hossin Babazadeh1؛ Mehdi Sarai tabrizi2
1Assistant Professor of Water Eng. Dept., Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2P.hD. Student, Water Eng. Dept., Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation and lack of management in the supply and demand of water resources in the country, particularly in very dry areas such as Hormozgan province, has caused agriculture sector to face serious problems. In this regard, virtual water trade in the country can solve the main parts of the problems in water distribution at a lower cost. The results of this research showed that the total annual import and export of virtual water in Hormozgan province were, respectively, 1284.3 and 1131.1 million cubic meters (MCM). The share of the field crops, horticultural crops, and livestock sector from the imported virtual water is 61.44%, 9.97%, and 28.59%, while their contribution to the exported virtual water is 35.32%, 59.18% and 5.5%, respectively. Equivalent volume of virtual water trade balance in this province was found to be 142.5 MCM. Also, indexes of water stress, water use intensity, water dependency and water self-sufficiency to virtual water import of Hormozgan province were 63%, 58%, 9.6%, and 90.4%, respectively. One of the most important causes of virtual water export in Hormozgan province is production of products like dates, vegetables, and summer crops that use a lot of water. The important source of the virtual water imports into the province is the import of rice and wheat. Also, the results of this study show that Hormozgan province has a relatively low potential in using green water, such that only about 7.8% of field and horticultural crops are produced by green water. Therefore, it is recommended that crop pattern of Hormozgan province be shifted toward more use of green water (like in cereals and fruits) and planting summer crops such as corn and potato, which use a lot of water, be avoided.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Green water, Virtual water trade balance, Water use intensity index
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