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بررسی تنوع زیستی و کارایی مخمرهای اپیفیت انگور در کنترل زیستی بیماری کپک خاکستری | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 1، شهریور 1402، صفحه 63-81 اصل مقاله (901.3 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2024.365188.362 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لاچین مختارنژاد* 1؛ شهرام نعیمی2؛ محسن فرزانه3 | ||
| 1استادیار، بخش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آموزش ﮐﺸﺎورزی آذربایجـان غربـی، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ارومیه ، اﯾﺮان. | ||
| 2دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، اوین، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری کپک خاکستری خوشه انگور ناشی از قارچ Botrytis cinerea از عوامل مهم پوسیدگی وکاهش کمیت و کیفیت محصول در مراحل قبل و پس از برداشت انگور است که مصرف قارچکهای شیمیایی را اجتناب ناپذیر کرده است. با توجه به نگرانیهای زیست محیطی مرتبط با مصرف بی رویه قارچکش های شیمیایی و مضرات آن برای سلامتی انسان و محیط زیست، بکارگیری فرآورده‌هایی از عوامل زیستی مورد توجه ویژه ای قرار گرفته است. در این بین، برخی مخمرها با دارا بودن فعالیت آنتاگونیستی علیه قارچ های بیمارگر، جایگزین مناسبی برای مصرف آفتکش‌های شیمیایی هستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی مخمرهای اپیفیت انگور با فعالیت آنتاگونیستی علیه B. cinerea در مرحله پس از برداشت در شرایط آزمایشگاه صورت گرفته است. در مجموع 67 جدایه مخمر از سطح میوه های انگور برداشت شده از تاکستان های استان آذربایجان غربی جداسازی شد. براساس مطالعات ریخت‌شناسی و توالییابی ناحیه 26S rDNA D1/D2، جدایه ها به 21 گونه و 11 جنس متعلق بودند کهAureobasidium pullulans به عنوان گونه غالب فلور انگور شناخته شد. توانایی آنتاگونیستی 67 جدایه مخمری علیه B. cinerea با استفاده از روش کشت متقابل بررسی شد. بطورکلی، 16 جدایه متعلق به هفت جنس، موفق به مهار رشد B. cinerea شدند. مطالعه کارایی 16 جدایه منتخب در مهار پوسیدگی خاکستری روی حبه‌های انگور در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار نشان داد که بین جدایهها اختلاف معنیداری وجود دارد. جدایه_های(G30) Meyerozyma guilliermondii، G9 Metschnikowia pulcherrima و ((G54 Rhodotorula glutinis به ترتیب با 92/59، 91/37 و 90/15 درصد مهار پوسیدگی، موثرترین جدایه ها در کاهش بیماری روی حبه ها بودند. بررسی مکانیسم های دخیل در کنترل زیستی نشان داد که 12 جدایه قادر به تولید پروتئاز، شش جدایه قادر به تولید پکتیناز و 12 جدایه آمیلاز تولید کردند. همچنین مشخص شد نُه جدایه قادر به تشکیل بیوفیلم و هشت جدایه قادر به تولید سیدروفور بودند. بنابراین، فلور انگور دارای تنوع بالایی از مخمرها است و جدایه های برتر (G30، G54 و G9 ) به کمک مکانیسم های مختلف همچون آنتی بیوز، تولید پروتئاز، آمیلاز و سیدرفور، از کارایی بالایی در مهار پوسیدگی خاکستری انگور در شرایط آزمایشگاه برخوردار بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیماری‌های پس از برداشت؛ شناسایی مخمرها؛ مخمرهای آنتاگونیست؛ مکانیسم اثر؛ Botrytis cinerea | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biodiversity and biocontrol activity of grape epiphyte yeasts in control of gray mold disease | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| lachin mokhtarnejad1؛ shahram Naeimi2؛ mohsem farzaneh3 | ||
| 11. Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate professor, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Grape gray decay disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the important factors causing rotting and reducing the quantity and quality of the grapes during the stages before and after harvesting, which makes the use of chemical fungicides inevitable. Considering the environmental issues with the excessive use of chemical fungicides for humans and the environment, the use of products based on biological agents has received special attention. Among biological agents, some yeasts have been shown to possess antagonistic activity against fungi and are considered as safe and sound alternatives for chemical pesticides. The present study aimed to identify grape epiphytic yeasts and investigate their ability against the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea in the post–harvest stage. A total of 67 yeast isolates were isolated from the surface of grape fruits in the vineyards of West Azarbaijan province. Based on morphological studies and nucleotide sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit 26S rDNA gene, the isolates belong to 21 species and 11 genera. Aureobasidium pullulans was recognized as the dominant species of grape flora. The ability of 67 yeast isolates to control B. cinerea growth by the dual–culture method showed that 16 isolates belonging to 7 genera succeeded in inhibiting the growth of the gray mold, which isolates Rhodotorula glutinis G54 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima G9 showed the greatest of capability against B. cinerea. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed between the 16 selected isolates in terms of inhibition of gray rot on grape berries, as a completely randomized design with four replications. The isolates Meyerozyma guilliermondii G30, Rh. glutinis G54 and M. pulcherrima G9 were the most effective isolates in reducing the disease on grape berries with 92.59, 91.37 and 90.15 percent rot inhibition, respectively. Studies of mechanisms involved in biological control showed that 12 isolates were able to produce protease, 6 isolates were able to produce pectinase and 12 isolates produced amylase. Also, it was found that 9 isolates can form biofilm and 8 isolates produced a siderophore. Finally, it was found that the grape flora has a high diversity of yeasts and the superior yeast isolates including G30, G54 and G9, with various biocontrol mechanisms (such as antibiosis, protease and amylase activities as well as siderophore production), have a high potential to inhibit the gray rot of grape. However, it is necessary to conduct more studies on selected isolates to creat practical formulations for biological control or integrated management of fungal diseases of fruits and vegetables. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| antagonistic yeast, Botrytis cinerea, modes of action, post–harvest pathogen, Yeast identification | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 313 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 252 |
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