1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه؛
2استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه؛
3استاد یار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه؛
چکیده
در کلیه سیستمهای آبیاری قطرهای برای تامین آب مورد نیاز گیاه، ایجاد فشار در سیستم لازم و ضروری است. افت فشار سیستم روی هزینهء تمام شده، بازده کاربردآب، یکنواختی توزیع و شرایط کاری سیستم تاثیر میگذارد. این تحقیق جهت ارزیابی سیستمهای آبیاری قطرهای در هفت باغ از باغات شهرستان مرند، انجام گرفت. در مطالعهء حاضر جهت ارزیابی سیستمها، روشهای مریام-کلر و تصادفی انتخاب گردیدند. آزمایشات کیفی آب در طرحهای انتخابی انجام شد. به منظور ارزیابی این سیستمها مقادیر کمی یکنواختی پخش آب، بازده پتانسیل ربع پائین ، بازده کاربرد ربع پایین و فاکتورهای موءثر بر این پارامترها محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین یکنواختی پخشآب، بازده پتانسیل ربع پایین و بازده کاربرد ربع پایین برای سیستمهای انتخابی بترتیب 95 ، 80 و 92 درصد بودند. با توجه به پارامترهای بدستآمده مشخص گردید که بالا بودن بازده و یکنواختی پخشآب، پائین بودن ضریب تغییرات ساخت، تغییرات کم دبی در قطرهچکانهای جبران کنندهء فشار و عدم گرفتگی خروجیها به علت عملکرد صحیح سیستم فیلتراسیون، طراحی و اجرای مناسب و کیفیت تجهیزات مورد استفاده بوده است. نتایج بررسیها نشان داد که طراحی هیدرولیکی سیستم ها قابل قبول میباشد. نتایج برای روشهای ارزیابی مشابه بودند. نتایج آزمایشات کیفی آبنشان داد که امکان رسوب کربنات و سولفات کلسیم در برخی از سیستمها با گذشت زمان وجود دارد. اسیدیته، سختی و مقدار املاح خارج از حد استاندارد نبوده و مشکلزا نبودند و غلظت آهن کمتر از حدی بود که منجر به گرفتگی شود.
Technical and Hydraulic Evaluation of Trickle Irrigation Systems in Marand Orchards
نویسندگان [English]
Zeynab Yeganeh1؛ Javad Behmanesh2؛ Hossin Rezaee3
1MSc Student, Department of Water Engineering, University of Uromia
2Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Uromia
3Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Uromia
چکیده [English]
In all trickle irrigation systems, creating pressure is necessary to provide the crop water requirement. Pressure loss in the system affects the final cost, application efficiency, distribution uniformity, and work condition of the system. This research was conducted to evaluate the trickle irrigation systems in seven orchards in Marand, northwest of Iran. Since changing surface irrigation systems to pressurized irrigation systems is rapidly expanding in the studied region, the investigation of changed systems efficiency has an important role in water and soil manager's decisions working at regional agricultural office i.e. Jahad-e-Keshavarzi office in Marand. In the present research, for systems evaluation, Meriam-Keller and random methods were selected. The random method was selected to decrease the time and cost of the evaluation. In order to evaluate these systems, the quantitative values of water distribution uniformity, application efficiency of low quarter, actual application of low quarter, and factors affecting these parameters were calculated. The results showed that, for trickle irrigation systems, the average distribution uniformity and potential and actual application of low quarter were 95%, 80%, and 92%, respectively. Considering the obtained results, it was clear that the high efficiency and water distribution uniformity, low manufacturing variation coefficient of emitters, low discharge variation in compensating emitters, and no clogging of outlets were due to correct functioning of the system filtration, proper design and implementation, and high quality of the equipment. According to the results, variations of elevation affect the discharge and pressure variation. The results showed that hydraulic design of the systems was acceptable. The results were similar in the selected methods. The results of water quality analyses showed the possibility of calcium carbonate and sulfate deposition in the systems with time. Values of pH, hardness, and dissolved salts were not beyond standard limits and had no hazardous effects. The concentrations of Fe and Mg were less than that causing clogging.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Drip irrigation assessment, Potential application efficiency, Distribution uniformity
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