4استادیار، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران؛
چکیده
در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، شوری آب و خاک تولید محصولات زراعی را محدود مینماید. ارزیابی تحمل به شوری گیاهان دارویی به منظور کشت در مناطق شور از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری آب و خاک بر عملکرد گیاه دارویی بابونه، آزمایشی گلخانهای با پنج سطح شوری شامل آب غیرشور، 3/5، 6/5، 9/5 و12/5 دسی زیمنس بر متر در سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی گروه زیست دانشگاه شاهد تهران، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا گردید. در این پژوهش صفاتی از جمله، خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی، محتوی پرولین و پروتئین، میزان عناصر سدیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم و کلر گیاه و درصد اسانس و کامازولن بابونه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شوری، پارامترهای رشدی گیاه بابونه به طور معنیداری کاهش یافتند. تغییرات میزان متابولیتهای ثانویه نیز نسبت به شاهد معنیدار بود به طوری که شوری اسانس را کاهش (35/23 درصد) و درصد کامازولن را افزایش (26/31) داد. با افزایش سطوح شوری، میزان یونهای سدیم ساقه (54/34 %) و ریشه(60%)، و همچنین کلر ساقه (68/42 %) و ریشه(76/19%) گیاه بابونه نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و باعث کاهش جذب عناصر پتاسیم و کلسیم در بابونه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از گیاه دارویی نسبتا متحمل به شوری بابونه ، علاوه بر اصلاح و بهبود وضعیت خاکهای شور، میتواند از عملکرد کمی و کیفی نسبتا خوبی در این خاکها برخوردار گردد
Effects of Soil and Water Salinity on Flower Yield, Soluble Compounds, Content of Saline Elements and Essential Oil Quality of German Chamomile (Shirazian Babooneh, Matricaria recutita L.)
1student Shahed University Department of Agronomy, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;
2asissitans prof Shahed University Department of Agronomy, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;
3Asociate Shahed University Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECER), Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Tehran, Iran;
4asissitans prof Shahed University Department of Agronomy, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;
چکیده [English]
Water and soil salinity limit crop production in arid and semi arid areas. Evaluation of salt tolerance of medicinal plants is important, particularly, for their cultivation in saline areas. To evaluate the effect of salinity of water and soil on chamomile plants yield, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with five levels of water salinity including control, 3.5, 6.5, 9.5 and 12.5 dS.m-1 in three replications. The study was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Biology Department of Shahed University, Tehran. In this study, parameters including morphological attributes, proline and protein content, plant content of Na, K, Ca, and Cl, percentage of essential oil and Chamazulene were evaluated. The results showed that, with increasing salinity, growth parameters of chamomile plants decreased significantly. A change in the amount of secondary metabolites was significant as compared with the control, in which salinity decreased essential oil (35.23%) and increased chamazulene percent (26.31).Compared with the control plant, amount of NA+ in stem (54.34%) and root (60%) and also Cl- in stem (68.42%) and root (76.19%), of chamomile plants increased with increasing salinity levels, thereby decreasing the absorption of Ka and Ca elements by chamomile. The results showed that cultivation of medicinal plants like chamomile, which are relatively tolerant to salinity, helps in reclamation and improvement of saline soils and can lead to high crop yield with a relatively good quality.
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