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تأثیر مایه‌کوبی با ریزجانداران محرک رشد بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، میزان اسانس و عناصرغذایی گیاه ریحان (.Ocimum basilicum L) در شرایط تنش شوری ناشی از کلرور سدیم | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 40، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 104-129 اصل مقاله (1.43 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.362241.3320 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کوثر طاهری بوکانی1؛ عباس حسنی* 2؛ میرحسن رسولی صدقیانی3؛ محسن برین3؛ رامین ملکی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دوره دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 4گروه پژوهشی کروماتوگرافی، جهاد دانشگاهی آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: ریحان (.Ocimum basilicum L) گیاهی علفی، یک‌ساله و متعلق به تیره نعنا (Lamiaceae) است. از برگ‌های تازه و خشک‌شده و نیز اسانس این گیاه در صنایع غذایی، داروسازی و آرایشی و بهداشتی استفاده می‌شود. در سال‌های اخیر استفاده از همزیستی با ریزجانداران محرک رشد مانند ریزوباکتری‌ها و قارچ‌های اندوفیت به‌عنوان راهکاری مقرون به‌صرفه و پایدار برای کاهش اثرهای سوء تنش‌های محیطی مانند شوری مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. ازاین‌رو، این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر مایه‌کوبی با ریزجانداران محرک رشد بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه ریحان در شرایط تنش شوری، به‌صورت آزمایش گلدانی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل مایه‌کوبی با ریزجانداران در سه سطح (شاهد بدون مایه‌کوبی، مایه‌کوبی با قارچ Serendipita indica و مایه‌کوبی با مخلوط باکتری‌های areuginosa Pseudomonas، P. putida و P. fluorescens) و تنش شوری در چهار سطح (صفر، 40، 80 و 120 میلی‌مولار نمک کلرور سدیم) بودند. برای انجام عمل مایه‌کوبی، بذرهای جوانه زده در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، به‌طور جداگانه با سوسپانسیون قارچ S. indica (حاوی 105×5 اسپور در میلی‌لیتر) و مایه تلقیح حاوی مخلوط باکتری‌های سودوموناس (109×1.61 سلول در میلی‌لیتر) مایه‌کوبی شده و در گلدان‌های آماده کشت شدند. گلدان‌ها تا مرحله هشت برگی شدن بوته‌ها، با آب معمولی آبیاری شدند و از این مرحله به بعد، تیمارهای تنش شوری با حل کردن غلظت‌های مختلف نمک کلرور سدیم در آب آبیاری اعمال شده و تا زمان گلدهی کامل ادامه یافت. در مرحله گلدهی کامل پس از برداشت نمونه‌های گیاهی، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه توسط قارچ، شاخص‌های رشدی (ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد و مجموع طول شاخه‌های جانبی، تعداد و سطح برگ، طول گل‌آذین، وزن تر و خشک برگ و ساقه)، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، سدیم و کلر)، درصد و عملکرد اسانس اندازه‌گیری شد. استخراج اسانس از نمونه‌های گیاهی خشک شده در سایه، به روش تقطیر با آب و توسط دستگاه کلونجر انجام گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که تحت تأثیر شوری، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه توسط قارچ، صفات رشدی، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، غلظت عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم کاهش، در حالی که غلظت سدیم و کلر افزایش یافت. به‌علاوه مقادیر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بجز غلظت سدیم و کلر در گیاهان مایه‌کوبی شده بیشتر از گیاهان بدون مایه‌کوبی بود. بیشترین و کمترین میزان خصوصیات رشدی، محتوی نسبی آب (74.47 و 72.39 درصد)، عملکرد اسانس (0.23 و 0.17 میلی‌لیتر در گلدان) و محتوی نیتروژن (1.36% و 1.14%) به‌ترتیب در گیاهان مایه‌کوبی شده با قارچ S. indica و گیاهان بدون مایه‌کوبی بدست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین مقادیر کلروفیل a (0.87 و 0.74 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، کلروفیل b (0.41 و 0.37 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، درصد اسانس (1.24% و 1.05%)، محتوی پتاسیم (5.15% و 3.97%) و فسفر (0.29% و 0.24%) و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم (10.05 و 4.07) به‌ترتیب در گیاهان مایه‌کوبی شده با باکتری‌های سودوموناس و گیاهان بدون مایه‌کوبی مشاهده شد. همچنین، کمترین میزان انباشت یون‌های سدیم (1.34%) و کلر (2.93%) به‌ترتیب در گیاهان مایه‌کوبی شده با باکتری‌های سودوموناس و قارچ S. indica مشاهده گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: طبق نتایج این پژوهش، استفاده از ریزجانداران محرک رشد گیاه (قارچ S. indica و مخلوطی از باکتری‌های سودوموناس) می‌تواند از طریق افزایش جذب آب و عناصر غذایی، حفظ رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و کاهش انباشت یون‌های سمّی سبب تعدیل اثرهای منفی تنش شوری بر رشد و تولید اسانس گیاه ریحان گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس؛ باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه؛ تنش شوری؛ قارچ Serendipita indica؛ کلروفیل؛ محتوی نسبی آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of inoculation with plant growth-promoting microorganisms on some morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil and nutrients content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under NaCl salinity stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kosar Taheri Boukani1؛ Abbas Hassani2؛ MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani3؛ Mohsen Barin3؛ Ramin Maleki4 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Prof., Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, | ||
| 3Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 4Research Department of Chromatography, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Its fresh and dried leaves and essential oils are used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In recent years, the use of symbiosis with plant beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms including rhizobacteria and endophytic fungi has been considered as a cost-efficient and sustainable strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of environmental stresses such as salinity. Therefore, the present study was conducted in the research greenhouse of Urmia University. It evaluated the effect of inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms on some growth, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of basil plants under salt-stress conditions. Methodology: This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were inoculation with microorganisms at three levels (control without inoculation, inoculation with Serendipita indica, and inoculation with a mixture of Pseudomonas areuginosa, P. putida, and P. fluorescens) and salinity stress at four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM of NaCl). For inoculation, the germinated seeds were separately inoculated with S. indica suspension (5×105 spores per ml) and inoculum containing a mixture of Pseudomonas bacteria (1.61×109 cells per ml) and planted in prepared pots. The pots were irrigated with ordinary tap water until the plants were eight-leafed, and from this stage onwards, salinity stress treatments were applied by dissolving different concentrations of NaCl in the irrigation water and continued until the full flowering stage. In the full flowering stage, plant samples were collected and root colonization percentage by fungus, growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number and total length of lateral branches, leaf number and area, inflorescence length, fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem), leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, concentration of leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Na and Cl), essential oil content and yield were evaluated. For essential oil extraction, shade-dried samples were hydro-distilled using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Results: The results showed that due to salinity stress, the percentage of root colonization by S. indica, growth parameters, RWC, photosynthetic pigments, essential oil content, yield, N, P, and K content, and K/Na ratio decreased while Na and Cl content increased. In addition, all evaluated parameters in inoculated plants were higher than in non-inoculated plants except Na and Cl content. The highest and lowest rates of growth parameters, RWC (74.47 and 72.39%), essential oil yield (0.23 and 0.17 ml/pot), and N content of leaves (1.36 and 1.14%) were obtained in plants inoculated with S. indica and non-inoculated plants, respectively. The highest and lowest amounts of chlorophyll a (0.87 and 0.74 mg/g fw), chlorophyll b (0.41 and 0.37 mg/g fw), essential oil percentage (1.24 and 1.05%), K content (5.15 and 3.97%), P content (0.29 and 0.24%) and the K/Na ratio (10.05 and 4.07), were observed in plants inoculated with a mixture of Pseudomonas bacteria and non-inoculated plants, respectively. Also, the lowest Na (1.34%) and Cl (2.93%) accumulation was observed in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas bacteria and S. indica fungus, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (S. indica fungus and a mixture of Pseudomonas bacteria) can alleviate adverse effects of salinity stress on the growth and essential oil production of the basil plant by increasing the absorption of water and nutrients, preserving photosynthetic pigments and reducing the accumulation of toxic ions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Essential oil, Plant growth-promoting bacteria, Salt stress, Serendipita indica fungus, Chlorophyll, Relative water content | ||
| مراجع | ||
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