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ارزیابی تأثیر برخی از عوامل اکولوژیکی بر صفات ساختاری و عملکردی گیاه اسپند (.Peganum harmala L) در مازندران | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 40، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 37-65 اصل مقاله (1.57 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.360446.3247 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| خدیجه طالبی قادیکلائی1؛ حسین مرادی* 2؛ راضیه عظیمی اترگله3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، علوم باغبانی گرایش گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 2گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 3استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه دارویی اسپند (.Peganum hamala L) متعلق به تیره قره‌داغیان (Nitrariaceae) و یکی از گونه‌های بومی جنس Peganum در ایران است. اسپند به دلیل داشتن متابولیت‌های ثانویه ارزشمند مانند فلاونوئیدها، آلکالوئیدها، آنتراکینون‌ها و ترکیب‌های روغنی فرّار، دارای طیف وسیعی از خواص بیولوژیکی و دارویی منحصربه‌فرد می‌باشد. با وجود پراکنش وسیع گیاه اسپند در مناطق مرتفع شمال ایران، مطالعات محدودی روی این گونه گیاه سازگار با شرایط اکولوژیکی خشک و نیمه‌خشک کشور انجام شد. بنابراین در این راستا، ارزیابی تأثیر اکولوژیکی و اثر عرض ثابت و طول متفاوت جغرافیایی محل رویش به همراه ریزوسفر بر برخی از خصوصیات ساختاری و عملکردی گیاه اسپند در نه گرادیان ارتفاعی مختلف واقع در مازندران از اهداف این تحقیق است. مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تأثیر عوامل اکولوژیکی بر صفات ساختاری (وزن تر و خشک اندام رویشی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، 5% ماده خشک اندام رویشی، 5% ماده خشک ریشه، قوس، ارتفاع گیاه، مساحت کانوپی گیاه، قطر و طول ریشه، طول حداکثری ساقه و طوقه) و صفات عملکردی (قطر میوه، عملکرد میوه، وزن میوه، وزن دانه، تعداد متوسط دانه‌ها، تعداد میوه و 5% دانه‌ها در میوه) گیاه اسپند، نمونه هایی از گیاه کامل در مرحله بذردهی از نه گرادیان ارتفاعی مختلف در مناطق خطیرکوه (700 و 1000 متر)، چهاردانگه (1300، 1500، 1700 و 1900 متر) و گدوک (2100، 2300 و 2500) ) با 3 تکرار به همراه خاک بستر در طرح کاملاً تصادفی جمعآوری شدند. نتایج: براساس نتایج آنالیزها، صفات عملکردی همبستگی مثبت با عوامل جوی نشان دادند. همچنین از میان صفات ساختاری، صفات رویشی ساقه با بارش، تبخیر و تابش همبستگی مثبت در سطح احتمال 5% و با رطوبت نسبی همبستگی منفی در سطح احتمال 1% نشان می‌دهد. افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا در مناطق گدوک و خطیرکوه موجب افزایش رطوبت و کاهش دما و در منطقه چهاردانگه منجر به کاهش رطوبت و دما می‌شود. همچنین، با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا در هر سه منطقه، عملکرد محصول کاهش می‌یابد و حداکثر عملکرد محصول در ارتفاعات 1500 و 2100 متر با افزایش مواد سیلتی، رطوبت، EC و pH مشاهده می‌شود. گرادیان ارتفاعی، همبستگی مثبت در سطح احتمال 1% با عملکرد بذر نشان می‌دهد. با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا در هر منطقه، طول و قطر ریشه به‌ترتیب افزایش و کاهش پیدا می‌کند. صفات رویشی ساقه و ریشه همبستگی منفی با صفات بذر نشان می‌دهد. همچنین، سطح کانوپی با ارتفاع گیاه و حداکثر قوس ساقه گیاه با عملکرد گیاه همبستگی مثبت در سطح احتمال 1% نشان می‌دهد. به‌طور کلی براساس یافته‌ها، با افزایش گرادیان ارتفاعی از سطح دریا، با کاهش دما و افزایش رطوبت و مواد مغذی خاک، کاهش رشد اندام رویشی و افزایش عملکرد محصول وجود دارد. همچنین، طبق مدل رگرسیونی صفت عملکرد؛ با افزایش گرادیان ارتفاعی، میزان شن و رس، مواد آلی و تبخیر افزایش می‌یابد که به‌دنبال آن افزایش عملکرد با ضریب تعیین 60% مشاهده می‌شود. با توجه به مدل رگرسیونی بکار برده شده، اثرگذاری عوامل خاک بیشتر از آب و هوا می‌باشد. بنابراین، برای این گیاه در یک عرض جغرافیایی ثابت، عوامل آب و هوایی دارای تغییرات جزئی هستند. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از بررسی صفات ساختاری و عملکردی اکوتیپ‌های جمعآوری شده گیاه اسپند، صفات عملکردی؛ با افزایش گرادیان ارتفاعی، میزان شن و رس، مواد آلی و تبخیر و کاهش دما، افزایش یافته و در مقابل، صفات رویشی کاهش می‌یابد. بنابراین، جمعیت منطقه گدوک با دارا بودن حداکثر صفات عملکردی به عنوان اکوتیپ برتر از میان مناطق مورد بررسی در استان مازندران معرفی می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسپند (Peganum harmala L)؛ تبخیر؛ تابش؛ خشکی؛ دانه؛ صفات ساختاری؛ صفات عملکردی؛ مواد آلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Empact of some ecological Factors on Peganum harmala L. structural and yield traits in Mazandaran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Khadije Talebi ghadikolai1؛ Hossein Moradi2؛ Razieh Azimi Etergale3 | ||
| 1Master's student, horticultural sciences, medicinal plants, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources | ||
| 2Department of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and purpose: The Peganum hamala L. medicinal plant belongs to the Nitrariaceae family and is a native species of the Peganum genus in Iran. P. hamala possesses a wide range of unique biological and medicinal properties due to its valuable secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and volatile oil compounds. Despite the widespread distribution of P. hamala in northern Iran, limited studies were conducted on this plant species adapted to arid and semi-arid ecological conditions. Therefore, in this regard, one of the goals of this research is to evaluate the ecological impact and the effect of fixed latitude and different geographical longitudes of the growing place along with the rhizosphere on some structural and yield traits of P. hamala under nine altitude gradients located in Mazandaran. Methodology: To investigate the effect of ecological factors on the structural traits (wet and dry weight of vegetative organs, fresh and dry weight of root, dry matter percentage of vegetative organs, dry matter percentage of root, arch, plant height, plant canopy area, diameter and length of root, and maximum length of stem and crown) and yield traits (fruit diameter, fruit yield, fruit weight, seed weight, average number of seeds, number of fruits, and percentage of seeds in the fruit) of P. hamala, samples of whole plants in the seeding stage were collected from nine different altitude gradients in regions of Khatirkoh (700 and 1000 m), Chahardangeh (1300, 1500, 1700, and 1900 m), and Gadook (2100, 2300, and 2500 m), with three replications along with the substrate soil in a completely random design. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, yield traits show a positive correlation with atmospheric Based on the analysis, yield traits are positively correlated with atmospheric factors. Furthermore, among the structural traits, stem vegetative traits are positively correlated with precipitation, evaporation, and radiation at the probability level of 5%. They also have a negative correlation with relative humidity at 1%. The increase in height above sea level causes an increase in humidity and a decrease in temperature in the Gadook and Khatirkoh areas. In contrast, it causes decreased humidity and temperature in the Chahardangeh area. Also, crop yield decreases with increasing altitude in all three regions. The maximum yield of the product is observed at 2100 m and 1500 m altitudes. The increase is due to increased silty materials, moisture, EC, and pH. The altitude slope shows a positive correlation with grain yield at 1%. In each region, as height above sea level increases, the root length and diameter increase and decrease, respectively. Stem and root vegetative traits show a negative correlation with seed traits. Also, canopy level with plant height and maximum plant stem arch were positively correlated with plant yield at the 1% probability level. In general, based on the results, by increasing the height gradient from sea level, decreasing the temperature, and increasing the humidity and nutrients of the soil, there is a decrease in vegetative growth and an increase in crop yield. According to the performance feature regression model, as elevation increased, the amount of sand and clay, organic matter, and evaporation increased. This led to an increase in yield with a 60% determination factor. According to the regression model used, the effect of soil factors is higher than weather and climate. Therefore, climate factors change for this plant at a fixed latitude. Conclusion: According to the results of examining the structural and yield traits of the collected P. hamala ecotypes, yield traits increase with the increase in altitude gradient, the amount of sand and clay, organic substances, evaporation, and decrease in temperature. On the other hand, vegetative traits decrease. Therefore, the Gadook region population is introduced as the superior ecotype with maximum yield traits among these studied regions in Mazandaran province. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Espand (Peganum harmala L.), evaporation, radiation, drought, seed, structural and yield traits, organic substances | ||
| مراجع | ||
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