| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,107 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,629 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,671,304 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 80,104,478 |
گزینش مقدماتی گونههای مختلف جنس گلابی (Pyrus) برای پاکوتاهی و جذب عناصر غذائی | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 39، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 282-253 اصل مقاله (1.18 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2024.364714.1347 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی رضائی1؛ حمید عبداللهی* 2؛ کاظم ارزانی* 3؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی4؛ نیما احمدی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوههای معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 3استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 5دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پاکوتاهی و قدرت جذب عناصر غذائی از مهمترین صفات در برنامه های بهنژادی پایههای گلابی می باشند. بر این اساس، در پژوهش حاضر خصوصیات رشدی و جذب عناصر غذائی درشت مغذی و آهن در دانهالهای 13 گونه بومی و وارداتی جنس گلابی (Pyrus)، یک هیبرید بین گونهای تجاری و سه پایه رویشی متداول پیرودوارف (Pyrodwarf)، کوئینس EMA و کوئینس BA29 از گونه به (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) مورد ارزیابی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. ارزیابیها در شرایط کنترل شده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 10 تکرار در یک دوره رشدی شش ماهه در سال 1401 انجام شد. خصوصیات رشدی و شاخص کلروفیل در 70، 120 و 160 روز پس از استقرار مواد گیاهی و جذب عناصر غذائی N، P و K همراه با عنصر آهن به عنوان مهمترین عنصر ریزمغذی در مقایسه با پایههای جنس Pyrus و Cydonia در 160 روز پس از استقرار، ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان پاکوتاهی در گونه P. syriaca و سپس پایههای رویشی، و بیشترین رشد در دانهالهای بذری گونه P. communis حاصل از رقم درگزی و سپس گونه P. bretschneideri مشاهده شد. همچنین سه گونه جنس Pyrus با منشاء جنوب شرقی آسیا نیز جزو پررشدترین گونهها بودند. در گونه P. syriaca کمترین طول میانگره در 160 روز پس از استقرار با میانگین 1/61سانتیمتر مشاهده شد که نشانگر تاثیر این صفت در پاکوتاهی این گونه بود. در رابطه با قدرت جذب عناصر، سه گونه P. hyrcana، P. nivalis و P. pashia بیشترین جذب نیتروژن و دو گونه P. amygdaliformis و P. nivalis بیشترین جذب فسفر را داشتند و گونه P. syriaca، با دو درصد پتاسیم برگی، از قدرت جذب بالای این عنصر برخوردار بود. همچنین کلیه گونههای جنس Pyrus در مقایسه با پایههای متعلق به گونه C. oblonga از محتوای آهن کل بالاتری برخوردار بودند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش، ارزیابیهای تکمیلی در رابطه با امکان استفاده مستقیم از گونه P. syriaca به عنوان پایه بسیار پاکوتاهکننده برای باغهای متراکم و یا فوق متراکم گلابی و یا استفاده از این گونه در برنامههای بهنژدای گلابی پیشنهاد می شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گلابی؛ آهن؛ پایه کوئینس؛ ژرمپلاسم؛ رشد رویشی؛ شاخص کلروفیل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Preliminary Selection of Different Species of Genus Pear (Pyrus) for Dwarfing and Nutrients Uptake | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Rezaei1؛ H. Abdollahi2؛ K. Arzani3؛ A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli4؛ N. Ahmadi5 | ||
| 1Ph. D. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 5Associate Professor. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Dwarfing and nutrient uptake ability are among the important traits in pear rootstocks breeding programs. In this research, growth characteristics and macronutrients and iron uptake ability was compared in seedlings of 13 native and introduced species of genus pear (Pyrus), one commercial interspecies hybrid and three common clonal rootstocks of Pyrodwarf, Quince EMA and Quince BA29 from the species of genus Cynodonia (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). Evaluation was carried-out under controlled conditions using completely randomized design with 10 replicates in 2022. Growth characteristics and chlorophyll index in 70, 120, and 160 days after establishment were evaluated and measured. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron uptake was evaluated and compared in Pyrus and Cydonia rootstocks 160 days after seedlings establishment. The results showed that the highest dwarfing rate belonged to P. syriaca followed by the clonal rootstocks, and the highest growth rate was measured in seedling rootstocks of P. communis derived from cv. Dargazi followed by P. bretschneideri. In P. syriaca, the lowest internode length was observed after 160 days with an average of 1.61 cm, which indicated the effect of dwarfing on slowing the growth of this species. Regarding the uptake of nutrient, P. hyrcana, P. nivalis, and P. pashia had the highest nitrogen uptake, P. amygdaliformis and P. nivalis had the highest phosphorus uptake and P. syriaca had the highest leaf potassium content. Considering the results of this research, future researches should focus on e evaluation of using P. syriaca as a dwarf rootstock for in establishment of intensive/ highly intensive pear orchards, or as the parent for dwarfing traits in pear breeding programs. Keywords: Pear, iron, quince rootstock, germplasm, vegetative growth, chlorophyll index. Introduction Pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruits in the world and some evidence show the cultivation of pear trees in the Neolithic era (Simionca Mărcășan et al., 2023). About 22 different species of the genus Pyrus have been identified in the world, of which about 12 species have been reported in Iran. The existence of different species of this genus in the plateau of Iran has contributed to the country as one of the main centers of diversity of pear species in the world (Abdollahi, 2010). Currently, the cultivated areas of pear orchards in the world is estimated to be about 1.5 million hectares, from which about 24 million tons of fruits are harvested annually. According to the World Food and Agriculture Organization, China, USA, and Italy were the most important pear-producing countries in 2021 and Iran ranks 15th in the world (FAO, 2022). The rootstock of fruit trees plays a very important role in determining the efficiency and sustainability of orchards of different horticultural crops. In a standard and modern pear orchard, the trees should have uniform canopy, which facilitates husbandry operations and harvest as well as producing uniform and high-quality fruits (Roberto et al., 2022). One of the problems in the cultivation of pears in Iran is the lack of access to suitable and adapted rootstocks to Iran's different climatic conditions. European pear seedling rootstocks obtained from cv. Dargazi are used in the nurseries (Abdollahi, 2010). Considering the existence of germplasm of different pear species in Iran and the existence of different growth rates among different species, it is necessary to evaluate this germplasm for use in rootstock breeding programs. Also, the availability of different introduced species of the genus Pyrus from Southeast Asia in Iran facilitates evaluation and comparison of the growth vigor and characteristics of these species for further use in the national pear breeding programs. Vegetative growth and nutrients uptake potential has not been evaluated between seedlings obtained from many native and introduced species of the genus Pyrus and pear clonal rootstocks in Iran, Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate and compare the vegetative growth and nutrient uptake in the seedlings obtained from different species of the genus Pyrus and commercial clonal rootstocks. Materials and Methods Growth characteristics and macronutrients and iron uptake ability was compared in seedlings of 13 native and introduced species of genus pear (Pyrus), one commercial interspecies hybrid and three common clonal rootstocks of Pyrodwarf, Quince EMA and Quince BA29 from the species of genus Cynodonia (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). Evaluation was carried-out under controlled conditions using completely randomized design with 10 replicates in 2022. Growth characteristics and chlorophyll index in 70, 120, and 160 days were evaluated and measured. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron uptakes was also measured in the two genera of Pyrus and Cydonia rootstocks, 160 days after establishment. Phosphorus, potassium, and total iron contents were measured using an inductively coupled plasma device (model Agilent Technologies, Varian 700-es ICP-OES, USA), and nitrogen content was determined using the Kjeldal and via the digestion method. Analysis of variance for data was performed using SAS 9.2 software. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was employed for means comparison at the 5% probability level. Results and Discussion Analysis of the variance showed significant difference between rootstocks for all vegetative traits. These significant differences were observed in all three developmental stages; 70, 120, and 160 days after seedlings establishment. Pear species originated from Southeast Asia including; P. calleryana, P. betulifolia, and P. bretschneideri had the most vigorous vegetative growth as they reached 107.20, 98.80, and 132.0 cm, respectively, after 120 days after establishment. On 160 days after establishment, Dargezi seedlings with 145.6 cm had the tallest plant height and P. syriaca seedlings with 56.10 cm had the shortest height, respectively. The results also showed that in 120 and 160 days after seedling establishment, chlorophyll index increased in most of rootstocks. In 70 days after establishment, chlorophyll index varied from 25.66 to 62.66. According to the reports, different pear cultivars have demonstrated good compatibility with P. syriaca species. P. syriaca is known as an excellent tolerant genotype to drought stress as well as calcareous soils. Therefore, this species has great potential for breeding of new dwarfing pear rootstocks in Iran. Regarding nutrient uptake ability, P. hyrcana, P. nivalis, and P. pashia had the highest nitrogen content, P. amygdaliformis and P. nivalis had the highest phosphorus and P. syriaca had the highest leaf potassium contents. Also, all species of the genus Pyrus had higher total iron content when compared to the rootstocks belonging to C. oblonga. References Abdollahi, H. 2010. Pear: botany, cultivars and rootstocks. Nashr-e-Amoozesh, Agricultural Education and Extension Institute, Karaj, Iran. 210 pp. (in Persian). FAO. 2022. World food and agriculture-statistical yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization Publication. Rome, Italy. 380 pp. Roberto, S.R., Novello, V. and Fazio, G. 2022. New rootstocks for fruit crops: breeding programs, current use, potential, challenges and alternative strategies. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 878863. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878863 Simionca Mărcășan, L.I., Pop, R., Somsai, P.A., Oltean, I., Popa, S., Sestras, A.F., Militaru, M., Botu, M. and Sestras, R.E. 2023. Comparative evaluation of Pyrus species to identify possible resources of interest in pear breeding. Agronomy, 13(5), 1264. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13051264 | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdollahi, H. 2010. Pear: botany, cultivars and rootstocks. Nashr-e-Amoozesh, Agricultural Education and Extension Institute, Karaj, Iran. 210 pp. (in Persian).
Abdollahi, H. 2021. Comparison of bearing and yield efficiency of commercial
Abdollahi, H. 2021. Quince. pp. 183- 246. In: Mandal, D., Wermund, U., Phavaphutanon, L. and Cronje, R. (eds.). Temperate Fruits: Production, Processing, and Marketing. CRC Press, United States of America. DOI: 10.1201/9781003045861
Abdollahi, H., Atashkar, D. and Alizade, A. 2012. Comparison of the dwarfing effects of two hawthorn and quince rootstocks on several commercial pear cultivars. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 43, pp.53-63 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22059/ijhs.2012.24860
Al-Maarri, K., Haddad, S. and Fallouh, I. 2007. Selections of Pyrus syriaca as promising rootstocks for pear cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 732, pp.217-220. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.732.30
Anonymous. 2021. Agricultural statistical yearbook. Volume III: Horticultural and Glasshouse Crops. Information and Communication Technology Center, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran (in Persian). 307 pp.
Arzani, K. 2004. The effect of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) and quince (Cydonia oblonga MillL.) seedling rootstocks on growth and performance of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rhed.) cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 658, pp.93-97. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.658.10
Bell, R.L. 1991. Pears (Pyrus). Acta Horticulturae, 290, pp.657-700. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1991.290.15
Bell, R.L. and Itai, A. 2011. Pyrus. Pp. 147-177. In: Kole, C. (ed.). Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Temperate Fruits. Springer, Germany. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8_8
Devyatov, A.S. 1994. Development of root system of pear trees on seedling and quince rootstocks. Journal of plant nutrition, 17(11), pp.1963-1973. DOI: 10.1080/01904169409364858
FAO. 2022. World food and agriculture-statistical yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization Publication. Rome, Italy. 380 pp.
Ghasemi, A., Nassiri, J. and Yahyaabadi, M. 2010. Study of the relative tolerance of quince (Cydonia oblonga mill.) rootstocks to different bicarbonate concentrations. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 26(2), pp.137-151 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22092/SPPJ.2017.110400
Hayes, M. 2020. Measuring protein content in food: an overview of methods. Foods, 9(10), 1340. DOI: 10.3390/foods9101340
Khadivi, A., Mirheidari, F., Moradi, Y. and Paryan, S. 2020. Morphological and pomological characterizations of Pyrus syriaca Boiss. germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae, 271, pp.109-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109424
Issell, L. 1994. Rootstocks for pears. Victoria Department of Primary Industries, Department of Primary Industries. Victoria, Australia. 1pp.
Maleki Asayesh, Z. 2023. Evaluation of physiological and biochemical characteristics and nutrient uptake of some seedling, own-rooted and grafted European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions. Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Modress University, Tehran, Iran. 203 pp. (in Persian).
Maleki Asayesh, Z., Arzani, K., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. and Abdollahi, H. 2023. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic response of grafted and ungrafted young European pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 310, 111745. DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111745
Morgan, J. 2015. The book of pears: the definitive history and guide to over 500 varieties. Chelsea Green Publishing. United States of America. 304 pp.
Nečas, T. and Lébl, K. 2012. Evaluation of selected nursery traits in combination rootstocks and variety in Asian pear trees. Acta universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 60, 20. DOI:10.11118/actaun201260080171
Raeisi Monfared, A. and Yavari, A. 2020. Study on nutrient elements in soil and plant of some salvia santolinifolia natural habitats. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 9(39), pp.215-229 (in Persian).
Rahmati, M., Arzani, K. and Yadollahi, A. 2015. Variation in some European pear (Pyrus communis L.) seedling rootstock populations using morphological characteristics. Seed and Plant Journal, 31(2), pp.391-397 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22092/SPIJ.2017.111265
Rezaei, A., Abdollahi, H. and Arzani, K. 2023. Preliminary evaluation of different pear species (Pyrus spp.) based on distinctive characteristics of seed, fruit and early growth of seedlings. Seed and Plant Journal, 38(4), pp.385-408 (in Persian). DOI:10.22092/spj.2023.361164.1293
Roberto, S.R., Novello, V. and Fazio, G. 2022. New rootstocks for fruit crops: breeding programs, current use, potential, challenges and alternative strategies. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 878863. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878863
Rufato, L., Da Silva, P.S., Kretzschmar, A.A., Bogo, A., De Macedo, T.A., Welter, J.F., Fazio, G. and Petry, D. 2021. Geneva® series rootstocks for apple trees under extreme replanting conditions in Southern Brazil. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 712162. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712162
Simionca Mărcășan, L.I., Pop, R., Somsai, P.A., Oltean, I., Popa, S., Sestras, A.F., Militaru, M., Botu, M. and Sestras, R.E. 2023. Comparative evaluation of Pyrus species to identify possible resources of interest in pear breeding. Agronomy, 13(5), 1264. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13051264
Stern, R.A. 2008. Pyrus betulifolia is the best rootstock for the 'Coscia' pear in the
Stern, R.A, Doron, I., Redel, G., Raz, A., Goldway M. and Holland, D. 2013. Lavi 1-a new Pyrus betulifolia rootstock for ‘Coscia’ pear (Pyrus communis) in the hot climate of Israel. Scientia Horticulturae, 161, pp.293-299. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.04.040
Teixeira, J.D., Soares Mateus, A.R., Sanchez, C., Parpot, P., Almeida, C. and Sanches Silva, A. 2023. Antioxidant capacity and phenolics profile of Portuguese traditional cultivars of apples and pears and their by-products: On the way to newer applications. Foods, 12(7), 1537. DOI: 10.3390/foods12071537
Thornley, J.H. 1999. Modeling stem height and diameter growth in plants. Annals of Botany, 84(2), pp.195-205. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1999.0908
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 489 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 400 |
||