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بررسی اثر عوامل اکولوژیک بر ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس گونه دارویی چای کوهی | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 30، شماره 4، بهمن 1402، صفحه 489-504 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2024.130960 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا زمانی1؛ رضا تمرتاش2؛ قدرت اله حیدری* 3؛ زینب جعفریان جلودار4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران، | ||
| 4استاد، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف طبق مطالعات انجام شده، فاکتورهای محیطی می‌تواند بر متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاهان اعم از اسانس و ترکیب شیمیایی آن تأثیر بگذارد. ازاین‌رو، درک اثر این عوامل و اینکه در میان عوامل محیطی کدام پارامترها نقش مؤثرتری بر کمیت و کیفیت ترکیبات ثانویه مستخرج از گیاهان دارند امری ضروریست. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی و مقایسه اثر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عوامل اقلیمی شامل دما و بارندگی بر ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس گونه دارویی چای کوهی (Stachys lavandulifolia) در دو دامنه شمالی و جنوبی مرتع باغ تیلک ساری انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها این پژوهش در رویشگاه مرتعی باغ تیلک که از مراتع ییلاقی استان مازندران است انجام شد. به منظور نمونه‌برداری نمونه‌های گیاهی، با توجه به پراکنش لکه‌ای گیاه در منطقه، سرشاخه‌های هوایی گیاه به صورت تصادفی در سه لکه انتخابی با سه تکرار از دو دامنه شمالی و جنوبی در اواخر خردادماه برداشت شدند. سپس نمونه‌های خاک نیز در پای گیاه از عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متری برداشت گردید. پس از انتقال نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه، اسانس گیاهان توسط دستگاه کلونجر استخراج و ترکیب آنها توسط دستگاه GC و GC/MS مشخص شد. نمونه‌های خاک نیز براساس دستورالعمل‌های موجود اندازه‌گیری و ارزیابی شدند. همچنین، اطلاعات هواشناسی مورد نیاز از ایستگاه هواشناسی کیاسر به‌دست آمد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های کمی و کیفی خاک و اسانس، ابتدا نرمال بودن داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون کولموگراف- اسمیرنوف بررسی شد. پس از تأیید نرمال بودن داده‌ها، با استفاده از آزمون T- student مستقل، مقایسه ترکیب‌های شیمیایی گیاه و شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک در دو دامنه شمالی و جنوبی توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 22 انجام شد و تحلیل روابط بین داده‌های ترکیب شیمیایی گیاه با شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک و داده‌های اقلیمی با روش تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی PCA در محیط PC ord5 انجام گردید. نتایج نتایج نشان داد که میزان بازده اسانس در دامنه جنوبی به‌طور معنی‌داری P≤0.05)) بیشتر از دامنه شمالی است. همچنین در میان ترکیبات به‌دست آمده از اسانس، ترکیبات α-Pinene، α-Fenchene، p-cymene، Sabinene، Thymol، α –Thujene، Limonene، GermacreneD، bicyclogermacrene و cis-sabinene hydrate با بالاترین مقدار، اختلاف معنی‌داری را از خود در دو دامنه نشان دادند. داده‌های حاصل از تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی در ارتباط با عوامل خاکی و اقلیمی با ترکیبات اسانس حکایت از آن دارد که فاکتورهای شیمیایی خاک شامل هدایت الکتریکی، ماده آلی، منیزیم، شاخص پایداری خاکدانه، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، شن و سیلت ارتباط قوی تری در مقایسه با سایر فاکتورها دارند. همچنین در این تحلیل فاکتورهای خاکی از قبیل وزن مخصوص ظاهری، اسیدیته، کلسیم، شن و عامل اقلیمی دما ارتباط مثبت و مستقیمی با ترکیبات Sabinene، β- Pinene، Myrcene، α-phellandrene، p-cymene، Limonene، cis-sabinene hydrate، thymol، Germacrene D، bicyclogermacrene و Phytol دارند. همچنین فاکتورهای خاکی از قبیل هدایت الکتریکی، ماده آلی، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، سیلت، آهک، فسفر، سدیم، نسبت جذب سدیم و عامل اقلیمی بارندگی رابطه منفی و معکوس با ترکیبات Cyclofenchene، 1-8-Cineole، cis-ocimene، α-Terpineol، Terpinene -4- acetate، Bicyclo، Caryophyllene و Hexadecanoic acid برقرار کردند. نتیجه‌گیری دستاورد حاصل از این پژوهش گویای آن است که عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی متأثر از عواملی مانند نوع گونه، خصوصیات اقلیمی، ویژگی های خاک و شرایط توپوگرافی بوده و تأثیر عوامل محیطی بر اجزای متابولیت های ثانویه می تواند به دلیل اثرهای مختلف این عوامل بر مسیرهای بایو سنتزی این ترکیب ها در گیاه باشد. همچنین این مطالعه نشان داد که میزان بازده اسانس دریافتی از گیاه چای کوهی در دامنه جنوبی رویشگاه باغ تیلک به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از دامنه شمالی می باشد، ازاین‌رو توصیه می‌گردد برای بهره برداری این دامنه بیشتر مدنظر قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اقلیم؛ خاک؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ مواد مؤثره؛ نعناعیان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effect of ecological factors on essential oil composition of medicinal species Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in Baghtilak rangeland of Sari. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Zamani1؛ Reza Tamartash2؛ Qodratolah Heidari3؛ Zeynab Jafarian Jelodar4 | ||
| 1Ph. D student of Rangeland Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Rangeland Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Rangeland Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran | ||
| 4Professor of the Department of Rangeland, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Background and objectives According to the studies, environmental factors can affect the secondary metabolites in plants, including the essential oil and its chemical composition. therefore, it is essential to understand the effect of these factors and which of the environmental factors have a more effective role on the quantity and quality of secondary compounds extracted from plants. the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effect of physical and chemical properties of soil and climate factors including temperature and rainfall on the chemical composition of the essential oil of the medicinal species of Stachys lavandulifolia in the northern and southern aspects of Bagh tilak rangeland of Sari. Methodology The present research was conducted in Baghtilak rangeland, which is one of the summer pastures of Mazandaran province. in order to take samples, plant samples were taken according to the patchy distribution of the plant in the region, the aerial branches of the plant were randomly collected in three selected spots with three repetitions from the northern and southern aspects in late June.then the soil samples were also collected at the base of the plant from a depth of 0-30 cm. after the samples were transferred to the laboratory, the essential oils of the plants were extracted by clevenger and their composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Soil samples were also measured and evaluated based on existing guidelines. also, the required meteorological information was obtained from the Kiyasar meteorological station. in order to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data of soil and essential oil, the normality of the data was first checked using the Kolmograph-Smirnov test. after confirming the normality of the data, using the independent T-student test, the comparison of plant chemical compositions and soil quality indicators in the two northern and southern spects was performed by SPSS version 22 software, and the relationship between the plant chemical composition data was analyzed. It was done with soil quality indicators and climatic data by PCA principal component analysis method in PC ord5 space. Results The results showed that the yield of essential oil in the southern aspect is significantly higher (P≤0.05) than the northern aspect. Also, among the compounds obtained from the essential oil, the compounds α-Pinene, α-Fenchene, p-cymene, Sabinene, Thymol, α-Thujene, Limonene, GermacreneD, bicyclogermacrene, cis-sabinene hydrate with the highest amount have a significant difference from they showed themselves in two aspects. the data obtained from principal component analysis into main components in relation to soil and climatic factors with essential oil compounds indicate that soil chemical factors including EC, OM, Mg, MWD, bulk density, sand and silt have a stronger relationship compared to other factors. also, in this analysis, soil factors such as apparent specific gravity, pH, Ca, sand, and the climatic factor of temperature have a positive and direct relationship with Sabinene, β-Pinene, Myrcene, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, Limonene, cis-sabinene hydrate compounds, thymol, Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and Phytol. also, soil factors such as EC, OM, bulk density, silt, Cao, P, Na, SAR and precipitation climatic factor have a negative and inverse relationship with Cyclofenchene, 1-8-Cineole, cis-ocimene, α- Terpineol, Terpinene-4-acetate, Bicyclo, Caryophyllene and Hexadecanoic acid were established. Conclusion The result of this research shows that the quantitative and qualitative performance of medicinal plants is affected by factors such as the type of species, climatic characteristics, soil characteristics and topographical conditions, and the effect of environmental factors on the components of secondary metabolites can be due to the different effects of these factors on The biosynthetic pathways of these compounds in the plant. also, the present study showed that the yield of essential oil obtained from the Stachys lavandulifolia plant in the southern aspect of Baghtilak rangeland is significantly higher than the northern aspect, so it is recommended to consider more for the exploitation of this aspect. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Climate, effective substances, Labiatae family, medicinal plants, soil | ||
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