Amini, Hajar., Arzani, A., and Karami, M. 2014. Effect of water deficiency on seed quality and physiological traits of different safflower genotypes. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38: 2. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1308-22.
Andrianasolo, F.N., Debaeke, P., Champolivier, L., and Maury, P. 2016. Analysis and modelling of the factors controlling seed oil concentration in sunflower: a review. OCL Oilseeds and fats crops and lipids, 23(2):1-12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016004
Annual report. 2022. Annual harvested area, production, and yield in 2021-2022. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. Iran
Beers, R.F., and Sizer, I.W. 1952. A Spectrophotometric Method for Measuring the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide by Catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 195:133-140.
Blum, A. 2011. Plant Breeding for WaterLimited Environments. Springer, p. 53-152.
Bota, J., Flexas, J., and Medrano, H. 2004. Is photosynthesis limited by decreased Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress?. New Phytolgist, 162(3): 671-681.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01056.x
Cechin, I., Cardoso, G.S., Fumis, T.D.F., and Corniani, N. 2015. Nitric oxide reduces oxidative damage induced by water stress in sunflower plants. Bragantia, 74(2):200-206. doi:http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.353
Cornic, G. 2000. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreased stomatal aperture– not by affecting ATP synthesis. Trends in plant Sciences, 5(5):187-188. doi: http://dx.doi.org/1016/s1360-1385(00)01625-3
Flexas, J., Bota, J., Loreto, F., Comic, G., and Sharkey, T.D. 2004. Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biology, 6(3):269-279. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-820867
Gecgel, U., Demirci, M., and Esendal, E. 2007. Fatty acid composition of the oil from developing seeds of different varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 84(1):47-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-006-1007-3
Ghobadi, M., Taherabadi, S., Ghobadi, M.E., Mohammadi, G.R., and Jalali-Honarmand, S. 2013. Antioxidant capacity: photosynthetic characteristics and water relations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars in response to drought stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 50:29-38. doi: http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.009
Gill, S.S., and Tuteja, N. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12):909-30. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08016
Gunes, A., Pilbeam, D.J., Inal, A., and Coban, S. 2008. Influence of silicon on sunflower cultivars under drought stress, I: Growth, Antioxidant Mechanisms, and Lipid Peroxidation. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39(13-14):5-1903. doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/0013620802134651
Hussain, M.I., Lyra, D.A., Farooq, M., Nikoloudakis, N., and Khalid, N. 2016. Salt and drought stresses in safflower: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1):4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0344-8
Iqbal, N., Ashraf, M., and Ashraf, M.Y. 2009. Influence of exogenous glycine betaine on gas exchange and biomass production in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under water limited conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(6):420-426. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2009.00381.x
Katsuhara, M., Otsuka, T., and Ezaki, B., 2005. Salt stress-induced lipid peroxidation is reduced by glutathione S-transferase, but this reduction of lipidperoxides is not enough for a recovery of root growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Sciences, 169(2):369-373. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.03.030
Koutroubas, S.D., Papakosta, D.K., and Doitsinis, A. 2004. Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crop Research, 90 (2-3), 263-274. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.03.009
Koutroubas, S.D., and Papakosta, D.K. 2010. Seed filling patterns of safflower: genotypic and seasonal variations and association with other agronomic traits. Industrial Crops and Products, 31(1), 71-76. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.014
Lovelli, S., Perniola, M., Ferrara, A., and Tommaso, T.D. 2007. Yield response factor to water and water use efficiency of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Solanum melongena L. Agricultural Water Management, 92(1-2):73-80. doi: http:// doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.005
Manvelian, J., Weisany, W., Tahir, N.A.R., Jabbari, H., and Diyanat, M. 2021. Physiological and biochemical response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars to zinc application under drought stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 172:15. doi: http:// doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.05.011406905
Mittler, R., Vanderauwera, S., Gollery, M., and Breusegem, F.V. 2004. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trend in Plant Science, 9:490-498. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.08.009
Moatshe, O.G., Emongor, V.E., Balole, T.V., and Tshwenyane, S.O. 2020. Safflower genotypeby plant density on yield and phenological characteristics. African Crop Science Journal, 28(1):145-163. doi: http://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i1.11S
Nakano, Y., and Asada, K. 1981 Hydrogen Peroxide Is Scavenged by Ascorbate-Specific Peroxidase in Spinach Chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22:867-880. doi:http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjornals.pcp.a076232
Rahnama, A., Poustini, K., Munns, R., and James, R.A. 2010. Stomatal conductance as a screen for osmotic stress tolerance in durum wheat growing in saline soil. Functional Plant Biology, 37:255-263. doi: http://doi.org/10.1071/fp09148.
Ramachanndra Reddy, A., Choityana, K.V., and Ivekanadan, R. 2004. Drought induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plant. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161:1189-1202. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013.
Salek Mearaji, H., and Tavakoli, A. 2020. Evaluation of yield and some traits of two safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 13(3):763-775. (In Persian with English Summary).
Sanchez-Martín, J., Canales, F., Tweed, J., Lee, M., Rubiales, D., G ́omez-Caden
Singh, S., Angadi, S.V., Grover, K., Begna, S., and Auld, D. 2016. Drought response and yield formation of spring safflower under different water regimes in the semiarid Southern High Plains. Agricultural Water Managemen, 163:354-362. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.010
Sanchez-Martín, J., Canales, F., Tweed, J., Lee, M., Rubiales, D., Gomez-Cadenas, ´A., and Prats, E. 2018. Fatty acid profile changes during gradual soil water depletion in oats suggests a role for jasmonates in coping with drought. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9:77–100. doi: http://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.01077
Saruhan Güler N, Sağlam A, Demiralay M, and Kadıoğlu, A .2012. Apoplastic and symplastic solute concentrations contribute to osmotic adjustment in bean genotypes during drought stress. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36: 151-160. doi: http://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1101-177
Serraj, R., and Sinclair, T.R. 2002. Osmolyte accumulation: Can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? Plant, Cell & Environment, 25: 333-341
Sheligl, H. Q. 1986. Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. Planta, 47-51.
Slama, I., Ghnaya, T., Hessini, K., Messedi, D., Savouré, A., and Abdelly, C. 2007. Comparative study of the effects of mannitol and PEG osmotic stress on growth and solute accumulation in Sesuvium portulacastrum. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61(1): 10-17. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.02.004
Stewart, R.C., and Bewley, J.D. 1980. Lipid Peroxidation Associated with Accelerated Aging of Soybean Axes. Plant Physiology, 65(2): 245-248. doi: http://doi.org/10.1104/pp.65.2.245
Tahmasbpour, B., Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, M., Mahdavisafa, D., and Sabzi Nojadeh, M. 2017. Grain yield performance of Carthamus tinctorius L. cultivars under water deficient condition. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 11(6): 235-243. (In Persian with English Summary).
Totsky, I.V., and Lyakh, V.A. 2015. Pollen selection for drought tolerance in sunflower. Helia, 38(63): 211-220. doi: http://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2015-0012
Wei, B., Hou, K., Zhang, H., Wang, X., and Wu, W. 2020. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to studies key metabolism, pathways and candidate genes associated with drought-tolerance in Carthamus tinctorius L. Under drought stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 151:112465. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112465
Weisany, W., Sohrabi, Y., Heidari, G., and Siosemardeh, A. 2012. Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and plant performance by salinity stress and zinc application in soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Omics, 5(2):60-67.
Zarghami, R., Zahravi, M., Aslanzadeh, A., and Abbasali, M. 2011. Evaluation of autumn sown genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) for tolerance to drought stress. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 27 (3):339-355. (In Persian with English Summary).