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اثربخشی تریکودرما به‌عنوان محرک دفاعی گیاه در دانهال پسته علیه نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne javanica | ||
| آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی | ||
| دوره 91، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 117، اسفند 1402، صفحه 157-171 اصل مقاله (624.26 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2023.362756.1483 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا فاریابی1؛ حسین علایی* 2؛ اعظم زین الدینی ریسه3؛ نرگس حاتمی4 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه ولی عصر(عج) رفسنجان، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه گیاهپزشکی | ||
| 3استادیار بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه ولی عصر(عج) رفسنجان ، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار ، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این پژوهش توانایی گونه‌های Trichoderma در مهار زیستی نماتد ریشهگرهی از مسیرتغییرات ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی درگیر در دفاع القایی در دانهال پسته بررسی شد. ترکیبات زیستی تریکودرما شامل سوسپانسیون اسپور و عصاره خام به‌دو روش خاک کاربرد و محلول پاشی استفاده شدند. نتایج آزمون‌های بیوشیمیایی مشخص کرد که این محرک‌ها موجب تجمع آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز (POX)، پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز (PPO)، فنیل‌آلانین‌آمونیالیاز (PAL) و ترکیبات فنلی دانهال ها و در نتیجه افزایش مقاومت آن‌ها در برابر بیمارگر شدند. ترکیبات زیستی و سویه‌های تریکودرما نسبت به ترکیبات شیمیایی از نظر افزایش سطح آنزیم و دوام آن در گیاه عملکرد بهتری را نشان دادند. برای اندازه گیری میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های POX، PPO، PAL و محتوای فنل کل، نمونه‌برداری در روز اول، چهارم، هشتم و دوازدهم پس از مایه‌زنی نماتد انجام شد. بیشترین افزایش آنزیم POX، در روز چهارم و هشتم به‌ترتیب در روش محلول پاشی و خاک کاربرد مشاهده شد. میزان آنزیم PPO در تیمارخاککاربرد سوسپانسیون اسپور همراه با عصاره خام در روزهای هشتم و دوازدهم افزایش بیشتری داشت. همچنین بیشترین میزان آنزیم PAL روز چهارم وهشتم در تیمار عصاره خام و سوسپانسیون اسپورمخلوط سویه ها به‌همراه عناصر غذایی مشاهده شد. در تیمار ترکیبات زیستی، میزان فنل کل در روزهای هشتم و دوازدهم به‌سرعت افزایش یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پسته؛ تریکودرما؛ مهار‌زیستی؛ نماتد ریشهگرهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Efficacy of Trichoderma as stimulator of plant defense in pistachio seedlings against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Faryabi1؛ Hossein Alaei2؛ Azam Zeynaddini Rise3؛ Narges Hatami4 | ||
| 1MSc Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this research, the potential of Trichoderma species in biocontrol of root-knot nematode was investigated through the changes of the biochemical compounds involved in induced defense in pistachio seedlings. Trichoderma compounds, including spore suspension and crude extract, were used by soil application and foliar spraying. The results of biochemical tests revealed that the used stimulants caused the accumulation of peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and phenolic compounds of the seedlings and as a result increased their resistance against the pathogens. Biological compounds as well as Trichoderma isolates showed better performance than chemical compounds in terms of increasing the enzyme level and its durability. To measure the activity of enzymes and total phenol content, sampling was done on day 1, 4, 8, and 12 post inoculation of the nematode (dpi). The highest increase in POX was observed on the fourth and eighth dpi in the foliar and soil application methods, respectively. The amount of PPO in soil application with spore suspension and the crude extract had a greater increase on the eighth and twelfth dpi. The highest amount of PAL enzyme was observed on the fourth and eighth dpi using crude extract and spore suspension of the mixed strains with micronutrient. In treatment of biological compounds, the total phenolic content increased rapidly on the eighth and twelfth dpi. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biological control, pistachio, root knot nematode, Trichoderma | ||
| مراجع | ||
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