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شناسایی و پایش منابع گرد و غبار و ماسه‌های روان در مناطق جلفا، شوش‌قوم و گیلدیر استان آذربایجان شرقی | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 144، مهر 1403، صفحه 35-53 اصل مقاله (2.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2023.363055.1548 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هوشنگ بهروان* 1؛ جمشید یاراحمدی1؛ حمیدرضا عباسی2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار پژوهشی، مؤسسة تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، گروه تحقیقات تپه‌های شنی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و هدف گرد و غبار یکی از مسائل زیست‌محیطی است که بر کیفیت و آلودگی هوا، سلامت انسان، حاصل‌خیزی خاک، و بسیاری از جنبه‌های اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی جامعه را تأثیرگذار است. فرسایش بادی و تحرک تپه‌های ماسه‌ای پیامدهای نامطلوب محیط‌زیستی به‌دنبال دارد. شناسایی عامل‌های مؤثر بر تحرک ماسه‌ها و پیش‌بینی وضعیت آن‌ها در آینده، برای مهار فرآیند فرسایش بادی ضروری است. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی و پایش منابع گرد و غبار و ماسه‌های روان در مناطق جلفا، شوش‌قوم و گیلدیر بود. مواد و روش‌ها تجزیه و تحلیل دادة اقلیمی باد، شناسایی منابع تولید ریزگرد، اندازه‌گیری و پایش تولید گرد و غبار و رسوبات بادی با استفاده از شاخص RDD انجام شد. همچنین، اندازه‌گیری سرعت آستانه و شدت فرسایش بادی با استفاده از دستگاه تونل باد انجام شد. برای بررسی اثر تغییر اقلیم به‌ویژه باد در فعالیت ماسه‌ها و به‌منظور پیش‌بینی احتمال تحرک تپه‌های ماسه‌ای و ماسه‌زارها و گرد و غبار ناشی از آن‌ها از روش جهانی لنکستر استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث نتایج شاخص لنکستر نشان داد 10% از سال‌های آماری (1996، 2000 و 2001) در وضعیت فعال بودند. در حالی که، تحرک نداشتن تپه‌های ماسه‌ای (غیرفعال) از نظر شاخص لنکستر 26 % از سال‌های آماری را کسب کرد؛ در 65% از سال 2020، بیشترین تپه‌ها، تپه‌های ماسه‌ای بودند که وضعیت فعال یا تحرک ماسه‌ای داشتند. زمین‌های کانون ریزگرد جلفا عمدتاً از جنس زمین‌های واریزه‌های بادبزنی شکل سنگ‌ریزه‌دار و شیب‌دار است و زمین‌های کانون ریزگرد شوش‌قوم و گیلدیر عمدتاً ترکیبی از جنس کوه‌ها، دشت‌های دامنه‌ای و دشت‌های سیلابی است. نتایج آزمایش‌های تونل باد روی نمونه‌های خاک جمع‌آوری‌شده از سطح زمین‌های منطقة جلفا نشان داد که آستانة فرسایش خاک 8 متر بر ثانیه بود. نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادها بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، دیم‌زارهای رهاشده، مراتع فقیر، بستر خشک رود‌ها و آبراهه‌های فصلی و غیره در شرایط فراهم بودن عامل‌های محیطی و همراه‌بودن عامل‌های نامساعد اقلیمی، از منابع بالقوة تولید گرد و غبار و ریزگرد هستند، ولی زمین‌های مزبور در استان آذربایجان‌شرقی به‌شکل پراکنده هستند و در شرایط و زمان‌های خاص می‌توانند در حجم قابل‌توجهی ریزگرد تولید کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شاخص RDD؛ کیفیت و آلودگی هوا؛ سلامت انسان؛ گرد و غبار؛ روش لنکستر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification and Monitoring of Sources of Dust and Dunes in the Jolfa, ShoshQom and Gildir in the East Azarbaijan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Houshang Behrawan1؛ Jamshid Yarahmadi1؛ Hamid Reza Abbasi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Department of Sand Dunes Research, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction and Goal Dust is one of the environmental issues that affect air quality and pollution, human health, soil fertility, and many social and environmental aspects of society. Wind erosion and sand dune movement have adverse environmental consequences. Identifying factors affecting sand mobility and predicting their condition in the future is necessary to control the wind erosion process. The purpose of this study is to identify and monitor the sources of dust and quicksand in the Jolfa, ShushQom and Gildir areas. Materials and Methods Analyzing wind climate data, identifying the sources of fine dust production, measuring and monitoring the production of dust and wind deposits were done using the RDD index. Also, the threshold speed and intensity of wind erosion were measured using a wind tunnel device. In order to investigate the effect of climate change, especially wind and rain, on the activity of sands and to predict the possibility of movement of sand dunes and sand dunes and the dust caused by them, Lancaster's global method was used. Results and Discussion The results of the Lancaster index showed that 10% of the statistical years were in an active state, which corresponded to the years 1996, 2000 and 2001. Whereas, the immobility of sand dunes (inactive) according to the Lancaster index has accounted for about 26% of the statistical years; 65% of the time in 2020, sand dunes were in an active or sand-moving state at the top of the dunes. The lands of the Jolfa micropollution center are mainly formed by the type of gravelly and sloping fan-shaped debris, and the soils of ShushQom and Gildir micropollution center are mainly a combination of mountains, hilly plains and flood plains. The results of wind tunnel tests on soil samples collected from the land surface of the Jolfa region showed that the erosion threshold of the collected sample is 8 m s-1. Conclusions and Suggestions According to the results of this research, abandoned rain fields, poor pastures, dry river beds and seasonal stream, etc., in the presence of environmental factors and accompanied by adverse climatic factors, are potential sources of dust and fine dust production, but the said lands in East Azarbaijan province are scattered and in certain conditions and times, they can produce a significant amount of fine dust. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Air quality and pollution, dust, human health, Lancaster method, RDD index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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