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مهمترین ترکیبات زیست فعال، تغذیه‌ای و خصوصیات اکولوژیکی درگیاه سنجد تلخ (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 39، شماره 4، دی 1402، صفحه 691-710 اصل مقاله (1.37 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.363175.3355 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا اصلانی* 1؛ احد هدایتی2؛ بهروز اسماعیل پور3 | ||
| 1علوم باغبانی- دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 2دکتری، گروه تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه در سامانه‌های زیستی، جهاد دانشگاهی واحد آذربایجان‌غربی، ارومیه، ایران (دانش‌آموخته دکتری، | ||
| 3دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- دانشکده علوم کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه سنجد تلخ (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) درختچه یا درخت خزان‌کننده از خانواده سنجد است. این گیاه از گونه‌های بومی مناطق ایران تورانی با رویشگاه‌های محدود و پراکنده در گچسر، هراز، ارسباران، خوی و الموت می‌باشد که یک گیاه معجزه‌آسای قدیمی، به دلیل غنی بودن از مواد فعال زیستی و تغذیه‌ای بسیار مورد توجه است. سنجد تلخ یکی از گونه‌های پیش‌آهنگ ارزشمند از نظر تثبیت‌کنندگی ازت برای خاک به‌شمار می‌رود و درختچه‌ای خزان‌کننده، مقاوم به سرما، خشکی و محیط‌های کم پوشش است. سنجد تلخ حاوی حدود 200 ترکیب تغذیه‌ای و زیست فعال است و میوه‌های این گیاه غنی از ترکیباتی مانند لیپیدها، کاروتنوئیدها، آسکوربیک اسید و فلاونوئیدها می‌باشد. با توجه به اهمیت دارویی و اکولوژیکی بالای گیاه سنجد تلخ و مطالعه ناکافی در ایران، به‌ویژه در زمینه ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی این گیاه ارزشمند، هدف از این مطالعه، معرفی گیاه سنجد تلخ، ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و برخی کاربردهای آن در صنایع دارویی و غذایی است. مواد و روش‌ها: این مقاله، مقاله‌ای مروری می‌باشد که مطالب آن از مقالات علمی منتشر شده بین سال‌های 2001 تا 2023 از پایگاهای علمی Google Scholar، Web of Science، Scopus و Pub Med گردآوری شده است. نتایج: همه اندام‌های سنجد تلخ (میوه، برگ، ساقه، شاخه، ریشه و خار) به‌طور سنتی در پزشکی و مکمل‌های غذایی استفاده شده است. برگ‌ها و میوه‌های سنجد تلخ و روغن بدست آمده از آن سرشار از عناصر ماکرو، میکرو، ویتامین A، C، E، لیپیدها، کاروتنوئیدها، اسیدهای آمینه، اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع و فنل‌ها هستند. در سال‌های اخیر، گزارش‌های متعددی در مورد فعالیت‌های دارویی سنجد تلخ ازجمله فعالیت‌های ضد سرطانی، ضد التهابی، ضد میکروبی و ضد ویروسی و توانایی آن در محافظت از قلب و عروق گزارش شده است. روغن بدست آمده از بذر و میوه سنجد تلخ شامل ترکیبات زیست فعالی مانند پالمیتولئیک اسید (امگا 7) است که جزئی از لیپیدهای پوستی بوده و باعث تحریک فرایندهای ترمیم کننده در اپیدرم و بهبود زخم می‌شود. گلیکوزیدهای فلاونول از فراوان‌ترین ترکیبات فنلی موجود در سنجد تلخ هستند. فلاونوئیدها از آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های موجود در سنجد تلخ، از تجمع پلاکت‌های خون جلوگیری می‌کنند، گردش خون را بهبود می‌بخشند، التهاب را کاهش داده و از رشد و گسترش سلول‌های سرطانی جلوگیری می‌کنند. سنجد تلخ در حال حاضر بدلیل فعالیت بالای آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضد میکروبی به‌عنوان یک افزودنی طبیعی در انواع محصولات غذایی استفاده می‌شود. سنجد تلخ به شکل‌های مختلفی مانند روغن، پودر خشک شده، آب میوه، قرص، نوشیدنی‌ها، میوه و چای استفاده می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری: گونه Hippophae rhamnoides علاوه بر ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالا به‌عنوان یک غذا، دارای مزایای اقتصادی متعددی به‌عنوان ماده اولیه برای مواد آرایشی، مواد غذایی، صنایع داروسازی و حفاظت از محیط‌زیست است. به دلیل تحمل زیاد آن در برابر سرما، خشکی، شوری، قلیایی و توانایی تثبیت نیتروژن در خاک، به‌عنوان محصولی ایده‌آل برای حفاظت از خاک و آب و بادشکن از مزرعه در زمین‌های حاشیه‌ای و مستعد فرسایش در خاک شناخته شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سنجد تلخ (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)؛ پلی‌فنل‌ها؛ ویتامین‌ها؛ پراکنش؛ اسیدهای چرب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The most important bioactive compounds, nutritional and ecological characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra aslani1؛ Ahad Hedayati2؛ Behrooz- Esmaielpour-3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University | ||
| 2Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran; Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 3- | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) is a deciduous shrub or tree in the Elaeagnaceae family. Sea buckthorn is one of the native species of the Turani regions of Iran, with limited and scattered habitats in Gachsar, Haraz, Arasbaran, Khoy, and Alamut. An old miraculous plant, it is highly regarded for its richness in bioactive and nutritional substances. Hippophae rhamnoides is one of the valuable precursor species in terms of nitrogen fixation for the soil. It is a storage shrub resistant to cold, drought, and low-cover environments. Sea buckthorn contains nearly 200 nutritional and bioactive compounds. This plant's fruits are rich in lipids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. The purpose of the present study, considering the high medicinal and ecological importance of the Sea buckthorn plant and the few studies in Iran, especially in the field of phytochemical compounds of this valuable plant, is to introduce the Sea buckthorn plant, its phytochemical compounds, and some of their uses in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Materials and methods: This article contains scientific papers published between 2001 and 2022 from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results: All parts of sea buckthorn (fruits, leaves, stems, branches, roots, and thorns) have been traditionally used in medicine and food supplements. Sea buckthorn leaves, fruits, and oils are rich in macro and microelements, vitamins A, C, E, lipids, carotenoids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and phenols. In recent years, there have been several reports on the medicinal activities of sea buckthorn, including its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities and its ability to protect the heart and blood vessels. The oil obtained from the seeds and fruit includes bioactive compounds such as palmitoleic acid (omega 7), a part of skin lipids, and stimulates epidermis repair and healing wounds. Flavonol glycosides are one of the most abundant phenolic compounds in sea buckthorn. Flavonoids are antioxidants in sea buckthorn that prevent blood platelet accumulation and cancer cell spread. They improve blood circulation and reduce inflammation. As an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other natural additive, sea buckthorn is used in various food products. In addition, it is used in diverse forms, such as oil, dried powder, fruit juice, pills, drinks, fruit, and tea. Conclusion: Besides its high nutritional value as a food, the genus Hippophae has several economic advantages as a raw material for cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical industries, and environmental protection. Due to its high tolerance to cold, drought, salinity, and alkalinity and the ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, it is an ideal product for protecting soil and water and windbreaks on marginal lands prone to soil erosion. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Hippophae rhamnoides, polyphenols, vitamins, distribution, fatty acids | ||
| مراجع | ||
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