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تاثیر اسید آسکوربیک بر صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 39، شماره 4، دی 1402، صفحه 568-588 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.358741.3171 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهروز اسماعیل پور* 1؛ معصومه مرادی2؛ موسی ترابی گیگلو3؛ مهسا احدزاده4 | ||
| 1دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- دانشکده علوم کشاورزی | ||
| 2علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل | ||
| 4گروه علوم باغبانی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) گیاهی از تیره نعنا و جنس Ocimum می‌باشد که گونه‌های زیادی دارد. در این بین گونه O. basilicum مهمترین گونه اقتصادی بوده و همانند سایر گیاهان خانواده نعنا منبع ترکیبات حلقوی و اسانس و نیز منبع غنی از ترکیبات فنلی (به‌ویژه رزمارینیک اسید و کافئیک اسید) و فلاونوئیدها شناخته شده است. پیکره رویشی ریحان حاوی اسانس است. به‌طور کلی لینالول، متیل چاویکول، سیترال، اوژینول، سینئول، ژرانیول، کامفور و متیل سینامات از اجزاء مهم اسانس ریحان می‌باشد. تنش خشکی به‌عنوان مهمترین تنش غیرزیستی نقش مهمی در کاهش عملکرد گیاهان دارویی دارد و موجب بروز تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعددی در گیاه می‌شود. عملکرد ماده مؤثره تحت تأثیر عملکرد اقتصادی گیاه و شرایط محیطی ازجمله تنش خشکی می‌باشد. البته، اثرهای تنش در مراحل مختلف رشدونمو متفاوت است. مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تأثیر اسید آسکوربیک بر گیاه ریحان بومی شهر ری تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، استان اردبیل (طول جغرافیایی 48 درجه و 3 دقیقه شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 38 درجه و 25 دقیقه شمالی با ارتفاع 1311 متری از سطح دریا) انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش شامل سطوح خشکی در سه سطح (قطع آبیاری در مرحله شروع رشد زایشی، قطع آبیاری در 50% گلدهی و آبیاری کامل) و محلول‌پاشی با اسید آسکوربیک در چهار غلظت (0، 0.5، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار) بر روی گیاه ریحان در نظر گرفته شد. عملیات مزرعه‌ای این آزمایش در اردیبهشت‌ماه سال 1396 اجرا گردید. عملیات آماده‌سازی بستر شامل شخم، دیسک و صاف کردن زمین قبل از اجرای آزمایش انجام شد و بعد اقدام به ایجاد کرت‌هایی به طول و عرض یک متر گردید. بذرها در سه خط با فواصل بوته‌ای 15 سانتی‌متر کشت شد. برای پوشاندن بذرها، از کود دامی پوسیده در حدود 4-3 سانتی‌متر استفاده گردید. پس از تعیین بافت خاک به روش هیدرومتری، تیمارهای ذکر شده برای تنش اعمال گردید. روز ابتدایی آبیاری به‌صورت غرقابی انجام و پس از جوانه‌زنی حجم آبیاری کمتر شد. اندازه‌گیری کلیه صفات در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SAS و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن در سطح احتمال 5% انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی صفات ارتفاع کل بوته، طول ساقه، تعداد برگ و وزن خشک بوته به‌ترتیب 36.08%، 39.75%، 51.26% و 53.80% نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. در صورتی که محلول‌پاشی با اسید آسکوربیک توانست این مقادیر را به صورت معنی‌داری بهبود ببخشد. بیشترین میزان طول ریشه در شرایط تنش شدید (ابتدای گلدهی) و تیمار با اسید آسکوربیک 1 میلی‌مولار (15.83 سانتی‌متر) بدست آمد که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد حدود 31.91% افزایش نشان داد. شرایط تنش خشکی توانست میزان پرولین و اجزای اسانس را افزایش دهد. بیشترین میزان پرولین مربوط به شرایط تنش شدید و تیمار با اسید آسکوربیک 2 میلی‌مولار(µmol.g-1 FW 130.825) بود که 6 برابر نسبت به شاهد افزایش نشان داد. میزان کلروفیل نیز در شرایط تنش شدید کاهش یافت. همچنین با اعمال تنش خشکی، در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی شاهد بیشترین مقدار، تیمار اسید آسکوربیک (غلظت‌های 0.5 و 1 میلی‌مولار) باعث افزایش و غلظت‌های بالاتر باعث کاهش مقدار صفات مورد بررسی شدند. با تجزیه اسانس نمونه‌های گیاهی، عمده‌ترین ترکیبات بدست آمده از اسانس ریحان شامل ژرانیول، متیل کاویکول، آلفا-پینن، کاریوفیلن، سیترال، کوپن، کارواکرول، نرال، لینالول و لیمونن بود. در بیشتر ترکیبات با افزایش میزان تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی بر میزان ترکیبات و اجزای اسانس افزوده شد. بیشترین میزان اسانس در شرایط تنش تا مرحله 50% گلدهی و محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 2 میلی‌مولار اسید آسکوربیک برای ترکیب متیل کاویکول (33.8%) بدست آمد. نتیجه‌گیری: محلول‌پاشی با اسید آسکوربیک باعث بهبود رشد گیاه ریحان در شرایط تنش خشکی شد و یک نوع مقاومت را در گیاه ایجاد کرد. بنابراین در زمان کنونی با توجه به کمبود منابع آبی و نیاز فراوان گیاهان به آب، می‌توان با محلول‌پاشی عناصر غیرسمّی و ضروری برای آنها موجب ایجاد مقاومت به تنش در گیاهان گردید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسیدآسکوربیک؛ تنش خشکی؛ پرولین؛ ریحان؛ وزن خشک بوته | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of ascorbic acid on some morpho-physiological traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| - -1؛ Masomeh Moradi2؛ Mousa Torabi Giglou3؛ Mahsa Ahadzadeh4 | ||
| 1- | ||
| 2Mohaghegh Ardabili University | ||
| 3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil | ||
| 4Horticultural Dep. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a plant from the Mint family and the genus Ocimum, which has many species, among which O. basilicum is the most useful economic species, and like other plants of the Mint family, it is a source of cyclic compounds and essential oil. It is also known as a rich source of phenolic compounds (especially rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid) and flavonoids. The plant's vegetative body contains essential oils. Linalool, methyl chavicol, citral, euginol, cineol, geraniol, camphor, and methyl cinnamate are important components of basil essential oil. As the most critical abiotic stress, drought stress plays a crucial role in reducing the yield of medicinal plants. It causes numerous morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in the plant. The performance of the effective substance is influenced by the plant's economic performance and environmental conditions, including drought stress. Stress effects are different at different stages of growth and development. Methodology: To investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on native O.basilicum the native population "Shahre-ray," under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design was performed in four replications on the research farm of Horticulture Department of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2017. Treatments included drought stress (complete irrigation and cessation of irrigation at the beginning of reproductive growth and cessation of irrigation at 50% flowering) and ascorbic acid foliar application at four concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM. This experiment was field operated in May 2016. Before the experiment, the bed preparation operation included plowing, disking, and leveling the ground. The plots of one meter in length and width were created. The seeds were planted in three lines with 15 cm plant spacing. 3-4 cm of rotted manure was used to cover the seeds. After determining the soil texture by the hydrometric method, the mentioned treatments were applied to stress. On the first day, irrigation was a flood, and after germination, irrigation was reduced. All traits were measured in the Physiology Laboratory after the Horticulture Science Department of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences analyzed the data with SAS software. Also, the treatment averages were compared with Duncan's multi-range test at a probability level of 5%. Results: The results showed that with increasing drought stress intensity, total plant height, stem length, number of leaves, and plant dry weight decreased by 36.08%, 39.75%, 51.26%, and 53.80% compared to the control treatment, respectively. If ascorbic acid spraying could improve these values, the highest root length was obtained under severe stress conditions (beginning of flowering) and treatment with ascorbic acid (15.83 cm), which showed an increase of about 31.91% compared to the control treatment. Drought stress conditions increased proline and essential oil components. Chlorophyll content also decreased under severe stress. Also, by applying drought stress, in all studied traits, the highest amount of ascorbic acid treatment (concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM) increased, and higher concentrations decreased the content of studied traits. By analyzing the essential oil of plant samples, the main compounds obtained from basil essential oil included geraniol, methyl chavicol, alphapinene, caryophyllene, citral, coupon, carvacrol, neral, linalool, and limonene. In most compounds, essential oil compounds and components were enhanced by increasing drought stress and spraying. The highest amount of essential oil in the stress condition up to the 50% flowering stage and sprayed with 2 mM ascorbic acid was obtained for methyl chavicol compound (33.76%). Conclusion: Applying ascorbic acid increased basil growth under drought stress and created resistance in the plant. Therefore, due to the lack of water resources and the great need of plants for water, it is possible to create resistance to stress in plants by spraying non-toxic and essential elements on them. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ascorbic acid, drought stress, Proline, Ocimum basilicum, Plant dry weight | ||
| مراجع | ||
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