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تهیه فرمولاسیون کپسول Bacillus subtilis و بررسی کارایی آن در مهار مرگ گیاهچه گوجه‌فرنگی ناشی از Rhizoctonia solani در شرایط گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 10، شماره 2، اسفند 1401، صفحه 125-139 اصل مقاله (796.72 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2023.363355.344 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهه لطفعلی نژاد1؛ عبدالحسین طاهری* 2؛ سید اسماعیل رضوی3؛ سیدجواد صانعی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری رشته بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از عوامل مهار زیستی یک روش امیدوارکننده و ایمن در راستای اهداف زیست‌محیطی برای مهار بیماری‌های گیاهی است. با این حال، به دلیل نداشتن پایداری و فقدان فرمولاسیون مناسب و کاربردی، نتایج به دست آمده از کاربرد این عوامل به ویژه در عرصه های کشاورزی به اندازة کافی کارآمد نبوده است. این مطالعه با هدف توسعه فرمولاسیون کپسول با استفاده از سدیم آلژینات جهت افزایش زنده مانی و بهبود عملکردBacillus subtilis انجام گردید. تهیه کپسول ها با استفاده از روش ژلاسیون یونی انجام شد. کارایی کپسولاسیون 99 درصد برآورد گردید. میانگین اندازه کپسول های مرطوب و خشک تهیه شده به ترتیب 2600 و 1000 میکرومتر بود. نتایج تاثیر اشعه فرابنفش بر زنده مانی B. subtilis نشان داد باکتری در حالت کپسول (مرطوب و خشک) نسبت به حالت غیرکپسول مقاومت بیشتری در برابر اشعه فرابنفش داشت. در این خصوص با افزایش مدت زمان قرارگیری در معرض اشعه فرابنفش مقاومت سلولهای باکتری در حالت کپسول نسبت به حالت غیرکپسول بیشتر بود. نتایج بررسی مقاومت حرارتی در دماهای مختلف بر نقش مثبت کپسولها در افزایش زنده مانی و مقاومت B subtilis نسبت به حالت غیرکپسول تاکید داشت. در این رابطه، درصد زنده مانی B. subtilis غیرکپسوله پس از 60 روز قرارگیری در دمای 25 و 35 درجه سلسیوس به ترتیب 42 و 47 کاهش یافت. اما در مورد B. subtilis کپسوله کاهش درصد زنده مانی پس از مدت زمان و دمای مشابه به ترتیب 16/5 و 26 درصد برآورد گردید. نتایج بررسی گلخانه ای نشان داد استفاده از فرمولاسیون کپسول B. subtilis باعث کاهش درصد بیماری نسبت به B. subtilis غیرکپسول و کپسول های سدیم آلژینات به تنهایی شد. در این رابطه، درصد بیماری در گیاهان تیمار شده با باکتری کپسوله 4/44 درصد برآورد گردید درحالی که این میزان در شاهد 73/33 درصد بود. گیاهان تیمار شده با B. subtilis کپسوله از نظر شاخصهای رشدی در مقایسه با شاهد تفاوت معنیداری داشتند. تغییرات شاخص رشد در رابطه با فرمولاسیون های مختلف B. subtilis (به صورت کپسوله، غیرکپسوله) و کپسول های سدیم آلژینات تنها برای ارتفاع ریشه معنی دار بود. این نتایج بر نقش مثبت تاثیر استفاده از B. subtilis و فرمولاسیون کپسول در کنترل مرگ گیاهچه ناشی ازRhizoctonia solani در گیاه گوجه فرنگی تاکید دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فرمولاسیون کپسول؛ Bacillus subtilis؛ افزایش زنده مانی؛ Rhizoctonia solani | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Preparation of Bacillus subtilis capsule formulation and evaluation of its efficacy in controlling damping-off in tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elahe Lotfalinezhad1؛ Abdolhossein Taheri2؛ Seyed Esmaeil Razavi3؛ Seyed Javad Sanei3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of plant pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 2Associated Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The use of biocontrol agents is a promising and safe method towards achieving environmental goals for controlling plant diseases. However, due to the lack of stability and appropriate and applicable formulations, the results obtained from the application of these agents, especially in agricultural fields, have not been sufficiently efficient. This study was conducted with the aim of developing a capsule formulation using sodium alginate to increase the viability and improve the performance of Bacillus subtilis. Capsules were prepared using the ionic gelation method. The encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be 99%. The mean size of the wet and dry capsules produced was 2600 and 1000 micrometers, respectively. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on the survival of B. subtilis showed that the bacterium in the capsule state (wet and dry) was more resistant to ultraviolet radiation compared to the non–encapsulated state. With increasing exposure time to ultraviolet light, bacterial cells resistance in the capsule state were greater than in the non–encapsulated state. The results of the thermal resistance examination at different temperatures emphasized the positive role of the capsules in increasing the survival and resistance of B. subtilis compared to the non–encapsulated state. The survival percentage of non–encapsulated B. subtilis after 60 days at 25 and 35 degrees Celsius decreased by 42% and 47%, respectively. However, for the encapsulated B. subtilis, the survival percentage decrease after the same period and temperature was estimated to be 16.5% and 26%, respectively. Greenhouse results showed that the use of B. subtilis capsule formulation reduced disease percentage compared to non–encapsulated B. subtilis and sodium alginate capsules alone. The disease percentage in plants treated with encapsulated B. subtilis was estimated to be 4.44%, while this rate was 73.33% in the control. Plants treated with encapsulated B. subtilis had significant differences in growth indices compared to the control. Growth index changes in relation to different formulations of B. subtilis (encapsulated, non–encapsulated) and sodium alginate capsules alone were significant only for root height. These results emphasize the positive role of using B. subtilis and capsule formulation in controlling damping–off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in tomato plants. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Capsule formulation, Bacillus subtilis, increased viability, Rhizoctonia solani | ||
| مراجع | ||
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