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بررسی ساختار و تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت های کاج چلغوزه (Pinus gerardiana) افغانستان با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی iPBS وSCoT | ||
| تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، شهریور 1402، صفحه 34-51 اصل مقاله (1.08 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2023.361428.1433 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا مطیعی مهر1؛ بهروز شیران* 2؛ احسان شهبازی3 | ||
| 1دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد | ||
| 2عضور هیات علمی/ دانشگاه شهرکرد | ||
| 3دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده سابقه و هدف: کاج چلغوزه در نواحی شرق و جنوب‌شرق افغانستان رشد میکند و نقش مهمی در توسعه اجتماعی و اقتصادی جوامع روستایی دارد که در مجاورت جنگلهای چلغوزه زندگی میکنند و از آن به عنوان سوخت، گیاه دارویی، مرتع، پناهگاه دام و آجیلی استفاده میشود. در این مطالعه تنوع و ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیتهای این درخت با نشانگرهای SCoT و iPBS ارزیابی شد. مواد و روش‌ها: در مجموع 39 ژنوتیپ کاج چلغوزه از مناطق مختلف در پنج استان افغانستان به نام‌های خوست، پکتیا، لغمان، کنر و نورستان جمع‌آوری شد. برای استخراج DNA ژنومی، از روش CTAB اصلاح شده استفاده گردید. تعداد 6 آغازگر از هر نشانگر SCoT و iPBS برای این بررسی استفاده شد که بهترتیب تعداد 48 و 55 نوار SCoT و iPBS تولید کردند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و تعیین روابط ژنتیکی، تجزیه خوشه‌ای انجام شد. یافته ها: در این مطالعه از 12 پرایمر SCoT و iPBS استفاده شد که منجر به تولید 48 باند و 55 باند برای نشانگرهای SCoT و iPBS شد. درصد چندشکلی به ترتیب 8/20 و 1/29 برای نشانگر SCoT و iPBS برآورد شد. میانگین کل PIC به ترتیب 026/0 و 045/0 برای نشانگر SCoT و iPBS تعیین گردید که نشاندهنده تمایز بیشتر نشانگر iPBS نسبت به SCOT است. ضرایب شباهت ژنتیکی نشاندهنده تنوع ژنتیکی کم بینجمعیتها میباشد. دندروگرام UPGMA مبتنی بر ضریب شباهت ژنتیکی نشان داد که در هر دو نشانگر ژنوتیپها بر اساس منطقه جغرافیایی از یکدیگر تفکیک نشدهاند که میتواند به دلیل ماهیت دگرگرده‌افشانی بالای این گونه و گستره پراکنش کم آن در این نواحی باشد. تجزیه واریانس مولکولی نشان داد که درصد تنوع ژنتیکی درونجمعیتها بیشتر از بینجمعیتها است. تجزیه مدل بیزین STRUCTURE دو گروه (K=2) برای نمونههای مورد مطالعه کاج چلغوزه برآورد کرد که نشاندهنده همآمیزی درون نمونهها میباشد. نتیجه‌گیری: تفاوت کم بین پنج جمعیت مورد بررسی از نظر تنوع کل و سطوح تمایز جمعیتی با سازوکار رشدی گیاهان چندساله با عمر طولانی و پراکنش منطقهای مطابقت دارد. این نتایج میتواند به حفظ و پرورش این درخت مهم اقتصادی کمک کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| افغانستان؛ تنوع ژنتیکی؛ SCoT؛ iPBS؛ کاج چلغوزه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study genetic structure and diversity of Afghanistan Chalghoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) populations using SCoT and iPBS molecular markers | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Alireza Motieimehr1؛ Behrouz Shiran2؛ Ehsan Shabazi3 | ||
| 1Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty member/ Shahrekord University | ||
| 3Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Background and objective: The Chalghoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) is grown in the eastern and southeastern regions of Afghanistan and has an important role in the socio-economic progress of rural communities. It serves various purposes, such as providing pine nuts, fuel wood, medicinal plants, grazing areas, and shelter for livestock. In this research, the genetic diversity and structure of different Chalghoza pine populations were examined using molecular markers known as start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter primer binding site (iPBS) markers. Due to the excessive harvesting of its nuts and a decline in its population, the IUCN categorizes the Chilgoza pine as a nearing threat. Methodology: 39 Chalghozeh pine genotypes were collected from various regions across five provinces in Afghanistan, namely Khost, Paktia, Laghman, Kunar, and Nuristan. To extract genomic DNA, a modified CTAB procedure was employed, utilizing megagametophyte tissue from 4-5 seeds per genotype. For this research, six primers each for SCoT and iPBS markers were utilized. To analyze the data and determine genetic relationships, cluster analysis was conducted using the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic averages. Results: In this study, 12 SCoT and iPBS primers were utilized, resulting in the generation of 48 and 55 bands for SCoT and iPBS markers, respectively. The percentage of polymorphism was estimated at 20.8% for SCoT markers and 29.1% for iPBS markers. The average values of PIC (polymorphic information content) were determined as 0.026 for SCoT markers and 0.045 for iPBS markers, indicating a higher differentiation power of iPBS markers compared to SCoT markers. The genetic similarity coefficient revealed a relatively low genetic diversity among the populations examined. The UPGMA dendrogram, based on the similarity coefficient, demonstrated that the genotypes did not cluster according to their collection sites. This outcome can be attributed to the species' highly cross-pollinating nature and limited distribution range in the studied area. The observed number of alleles (NA) was 1.08 and 1.09, while the effective number of alleles (NE) was determined as 1.075 for both SCoT and iPBS markers. The Shannon's information index (I) was calculated as 0.055 and 0.060 for SCoT and iPBS markers, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (HE) values were estimated as 0.039 for SCoT markers and 0.042 for iPBS markers. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the genetic diversity within populations was higher than among populations. Through a Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis, two groups (K=2) were identified among the five populations of Pinus gerardiana, and admixture was observed within individuals. Conclusion: The minimal variations observed in total diversities and levels of population differentiation among the five Chalghoza pine populations suggest that the genetic structure of these populations aligns with the species' long-lived perennial nature and regional distribution. These findings have implications for the conservation and cultivation of this economically significant tree, providing valuable insights for its management and preservation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Afghanistan, Chalghoza pine, genetic diversity, SCoT, iPBS | ||
| مراجع | ||
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