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مروری بر ردپای تابآوری در مطالعات مخاطرات طبیعی در ایران | ||
| مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 16، شماره 3، مهر 1403، صفحه 354-377 اصل مقاله (1.31 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwmse.2023.362235.2019 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اردشیر مصباح1؛ اسماعیل کرمی دهکردی* 2؛ شادعلی توحیدلو3؛ امین صالح پور جم4؛ توفیق سعدی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار ترویج کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 5دکتری اقلیم‌شناسی در برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دبیر کمیته تحقیقات شرکت آب منطقه‌ای استان البرز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه مروری بر مخاطرات طبیعی رخ‌داده در ایران، بیانگر این واقعیت است که این کشور همواره به‌دلیل داشتن ساختارهای مکانی-فضایی ویژه، بحران‌های طبیعی زیادی را متحمل شده و یکی از آسیب‌پذیرترین نقاط جهان در برابر مخاطرات محیطی بوده است. هدف از این پژوهش، مروری بر ردپای مطالعات تابآوری مخاطرات طبیعی، ازجمله سیل، خشکسالی و تخریب اراضی (پژوهشهای تک مخاطره) و مطالعات در مورد ترکیبی از این مخاطرات (پژوهشهای ترکیبی) به وقوع پیوسته در مناطق مختلف ایران است. مواد و روش‌ها این مطالعه با استفاده از یک روش‌شناسی مفهومی و به‌کارگیری تحلیل نظام‌مند پژوهشهای مرتبط انجام شده در کشور در قالب مقالات، رساله‌ها و پایان‌نامه‌های درج شده در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مرکز اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی (اسایدی)، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور (مگیران)، مرجع دانش (سیویلیکا) و گوگلاسکالر انجام شد. در مطالعات قبلی، غالباً مفهوم تابآوری را در یک چارچوب تحلیلی شناخته شده (تجزیه و تحلیل مفهوم) بررسی کرده‌اند، اما در این پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل مفهومی که روشی برای بازنمایی دانش مفهومی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل دادهها است و به‌طور معمول برای روشن کردن معانی و گسترش تعاریف عملیاتی، از طریق در نظر گرفتن شواهد از چندین رشته به‌کار می‌رود، دادهها به‌صورت موضوعی تحلیل شدند. به‌کارگیری این چارچوب روش‌شناختی شناخته شده، رویکرد عینی‌تری را برای شفاف‌سازی مفاهیم، ممکن می‌سازد و به تفاوت‌های کاربرد تابآوری در رشته‌های علمی گوناگون می‌پردازد. نتایج و بحث اولین مطالعات صورت‌گرفته در زمینه تابآوری در ایران، در غالب پایان‌‌نامه در سال 1367 در دانشگاه تربیت مدرس و در غالب مقاله نیز در سال 1384 در مجله پژوهشی حکیم صورت پذیرفته است، اما مطالعات تابآوری در زمینه مخاطرات طبیعی، به‌خصوص در مناطق روستایی، از عمر کوتاهی برخوردار هستند؛ به‌‌گونه‌‌ای که آغاز نتایج به‌دست آمده از این مطالعات در ایران، از ابتدای دهه 1390 هجری شمسی است. بر اساس ملاک‌های ورود و خروج، پس از پالایش علمی تعداد 1742 سند علمی، 57 مقاله و پایان‌‌نامه وارد فرایند بررسی شد که بیشترین فراوانی مربوط به پایگاه اطلاعاتی گوگلاسکالر و کمترین فراوانی مربوط به پایگاه اطلاعاتی اسایدی بود. بیشترین و کمترین مطالعات صورت گرفته به‌ترتیب در سال 1396 (12پژوهش) و سال‌های 1391، 1400 و 1402 (هرکدام یک پژوهش) بود. داده‌های اغلب پژوهشهای مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری از طریق نرم‌افزارهای SPSS، PLS و AMOS، فنون آماری رتبه‌بندی یا تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و نهایتاً سنجش از دور مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته بود. برای زمین مرجع نمودن دادهها و نمایش فضایی جهت پهنه‌بندی در حوزه‌های موردمطالعه و همچنین اولویت‌بندی آنها، از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS بهره‌گیری شده بود. همچنین، بیشترین مطالعات صورت گرفته در زمینه تابآوری، در حیطه خشکسالی (با 36.8 درصد فراوانی) و کمترین مطالعات صورت گرفته در حیطه مطالعات تخریب اراضی (10.5 درصد فراوانی) بود. نتیجه‌گیری نتایج به‌دست آمده حاکی از آن است که در پژوهشهای صورت‌گرفته در حیطه سیل، بعد اجتماعی (29.4 درصد فراوانی)، بیشترین و بعد نهادی (20.6 درصد فراوانی)، از کمترین توجه برخوردار بودند. در حیطه خشکسالی، بعد اقتصادی (35.4 درصد) و بعد نهادی (16.7 درصد)، به‌ترتیب از بیشترین و کمترین توجه در پژوهشهای صورت‌گرفته در این حیطه برخوردار بودند. در پژوهشهای صورت‌گرفته در حیطه تخریب اراضی، بعد کالبدی (33.4 درصد)، بیشترین اهمیت و سایر ابعاد نیز هرکدام با 22.2 درصد فراوانی، به این موضوع توجه داشتند. در حیطه پژوهشهای ترکیبی نیز بعد کالبدی (30.8 درصد) بیشترین و بعد اجتماعی (20.5 درصد) توجه را به خود اختصاص داده‌‌اند که این نتایج با شناسایی مؤلفه‌های مهم تابآوری جامعه در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی، می‌تواند امکان بهبود مدیریت بحران، کاهش آسیب‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی اثربخش پروژه‌‌های توسعه و آموزشی در سطح کشور را فراهم کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آسیب‌پذیری؛ بحران‌های طبیعی؛ محیط‌زیست؛ مدیریت بحران؛ مناطق روستایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A review of resilience in the studies of natural hazards in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ardeshir Mesbah1؛ Esmail Karamidehkordi2؛ Shadali Tohidloo3؛ Amin Salehpour Jam4؛ Tofigh Saadi5 | ||
| 1PhD Student of Agricultural Development, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 5PhD, Climatology in Environmental Planning, Secretary of the Research Committee of Alborz Regional Water Company | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction A comprehensive examination of natural hazards in Iran highlights the country's susceptibility to extensive damage from various natural crises. Iran's unique spatial structure has made it one of the world's most vulnerable regions to environmental hazards. This research reviews the application of “resilience” in studies of natural hazards, including floods, drought, and land degradation (single-hazard studies) as well as studies that combine these hazards (combined studies) across different regions of Iran. Materials and methods This study utilized a conceptual research methodology, performing a systematic review of related research documents published in Iran, such as journal articles, dissertations, and theses. The databases used included the "Scientific Information Center of Academic Jihad (SID)", "Iran’s Research Institute of Science and Information Technology (Irandoc)", "Information Bank of Iran's Publications (Magiran)", "Knowledge Reference (Civilica)", and "Google Scholar". While previous studies have often examined resilience within an established analytical framework (concept analysis), this study employed a conceptual methodology aimed at representing knowledge and analyzing data from multiple disciplines. This approach helps clarify meanings and expand operational definitions. The data were analyzed thematically, enabling a more objective examination of resilience across various scientific fields. Results and discussion The first study on resilience in Iran was conducted in 1988 in a dissertation at Tarbiat Modares University, and the concept appeared in articles in "Hakim Research Journal" in 2005. However, resilience studies focusing on natural hazards, especially in rural areas of Iran, are relatively recent, mostly emerging since the early 2010s. Based on the search criteria, 1,742 scientific documents were identified, with 57 relevant articles included in the review. Most documents were found in "Google Scholar," while the fewest were retrieved from "SID." The highest number of studies was conducted in 2017 (12 studies), and the lowest in 2012, 2021, and 2022 (one study each). Data from most studies were analyzed using statistical tests with SPSS, PLS, and AMOS software, while ArcGIS was commonly used for spatial data display and zoning to prioritize study areas. Most resilience studies focused on drought (36.8%), while the fewest focused on land degradation (10.5%). Conclusion The results show that, in flood-related research, the social dimension (29.4%) received the most attention, whereas the institutional dimension (20.6%) received the least. In drought research, the economic dimension (35.4%) received the most attention, while the institutional dimension (16.7%) received the least. In land degradation studies, the physical dimension (33.4%) was the most frequently examined, with other dimensions receiving 22.2% of the focus. Overall, the physical dimension (30.8%) and social dimension (20.5%) received the most attention. By identifying key resilience components, these findings can improve crisis management, reduce damages, and support the planning of development and educational projects in Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Crisis management, Environment, Natural crises, Rural areas, Vulnerability | ||
| مراجع | ||
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