| تعداد نشریات | 283 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 81 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,766 |
| تعداد مقالات | 31,497 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 39,697,565 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,253,145 |
اثر خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب چغندرقند و گندم در تناوب گندم- چغندرقند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 38، شماره 2، مهر 1401، صفحه 207-225 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2023.358453.1304 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد جلینی* 1؛ حمید رضا شریفی2؛ محمد کریمی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به منظور بررسی عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب گندم و چغندرقند در سیستم تناوب زراعی رایج (گندم- چغندرقند) منطقه سرد، در ایستگاه تحقیقات جلگه رخ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی به اجرا درآمد. آزمایش با استفاده از کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 1392 الی 1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها؛ شامل روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌ورزی متداول، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) در کرت‌های اصلی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی (بدون بقایا، حفظ 30 درصد و 60 درصد بقایا) در کرت‌های فرعی و سطوح مختلف کاربرد آب آبیاری شامل 50، 75 و 100درصد در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که روش خاک‌ورزی و مدیریت بقایا بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب گندم و چغندرقند اثر معنی‌دار نداشت ولی اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری معنی‌دار بود (P<0.01). مقدار عملکردریشه چغندرقند در دو سطح کاربرد آب 75 و 100 درصد به‌ترتیب 31/8 و 39/9 تن در هکتار بود که با هم اختلاف معنی‌دار نداشتند ولی عملکرد در سطح 50 درصد نیاز خالص حدود 8/31 تن در هکتار بود که کاهش قابل توجهی داشت. میزان بهره‌وری آب در سطوح 50، 75 و 100 درصد آب مصرفی به‌ترتیب 5/190، 4/604 و 3/481 کیلوگرم ریشه بر مترمکعب آب به‌دست آمد. در محصول گندم میانگین عملکرد (دو سال زراعی 93-1392 و 95-1394) در دو سطح کاربرد آب 75 و 100 درصد به‌ترتیب 4849 و 5127 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که با هم اختلاف معنی‌دار نداشتند، ولی عملکرد در سطح 50درصد نیاز آب آبیاری حدود 3954 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که کاهش قابل‌توجهی داشت. میزان بهره‌وری آب در سطوح 50، 75 و 100 درصد آب‌مصرفی به‌ترتیب 0/954، 0/924 و 0/813 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب آب به‌دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بی‌خاک‌ورزی؛ چغندرقند؛ خاک‌ورزی متداول؛ سطوح آب؛ گندم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of conservation tillage and different levels of irrigation on yield and water productivity of sugar beet and wheat in wheat- sugar beet rotation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Joleini1؛ H.R. Sharifi2؛ M. Karimi3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Researcher at Khorasan Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center Aricultural Engineering Research Department, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Researcher at Khorasan Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center. Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mashhad ,Iran. | ||
| 3Assistance Professor, Researcher at Khorasan Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center Aricultural Engineering Research Department. Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to study yield and water productivity of wheat and sugar beet in common cropping rotation (wheat-sugar beet) in cold region, a research was conducted in Jolg-E-Rokh research station, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The trial was carried out in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the crop season of 2013 to 2016. Treatments were tillage methods (conventional tillage, minimum tollage and no tillage) in main plots, residue management (without residue, keeping 30 and 60% residue) in the sub-plots and different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% irrigation) in sub-sub plots. Results showed that tillage method and residue management had no significant effect on yield and water productivity of wheat and sugar beet, however the effect of different irrigation levels was significant (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between obtained root yield in 75 and 100% irrigation (39.9 and 39.1 t ha-1, respectively, however a remarkable yield reduction (31.8 t ha-1) at 50% irrigation was observed. The water productivity at 50, 75 and 100% irrigation was 5.1, 4.4 and 3.4 kg m-3, respectively. In wheat crop, the average yield (in crop seasons of 2013-14 and 2015-16) and in 75 and 100% irrigation was 4849 and 5127 kg ha-1, respectively, which was not significantly different, however a significant decrease (3954 kg ha-1) was observed at 50% irrigation. Water productivity of wheat in 50, 75 and 100% irrigation was 0.9, 0.9 and 0.8 kg m-3, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conventional tillage, Irrigation levels, No tillage, Sugar beet, wheat | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afshar RK, Nilahyane A, Chen C, He H, Stevens WB, Iversen WM. Impact of onservation tillage and nitrogen on sugar beet yield and quality. Soil and Tillage Research. 2019; 191: 216-223. doi:10.1016/j.still.2019.03.017 Amani S, Zamani M, Mohammad A. Effect of conservation tillage methods on soil physical and mechanical properties of wheat in the region Khandab state Markazi. Journal of bio systems engineering. 2016; 5 (2): 59-82. [In Persian] Amini A, Rahaei M, Farsi Nejad K, Rajahi A. Effects of different plant residue under different tillage practices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of plant ecophysiology. 2014; 6 (16): 27-38. doi:20.1001.1.20085958.1393.6.16.3.8. [In Persian] Balota EL, Colozzi-Filho A, Andrade DS, Richard PD. Microbial biomass in soil sunder different tillage and crop rotation systems. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 2003; 38 (1): 15-20. doi:10.1007/s00374-003-0590-9. Belmont KM. Effect of Tillage, Irrigation amounts, and nitrogen rates in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). University of Idaho. 2015; Thesis. Botta GF, Becerra AT, Melcon, FB. Seedbed compaction produced by traffic on four tillage regimes in the rolling Pampas of Argentina. Soil and Tillage Research. 2009; 105 (1): 128-134. doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.06.005. Cavalaris CK, Gemtos TA. Evaluation of four conservation tillage methods in the sugar beet crop. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development. 2002; 6: 1-24. De Vita P, PaoloE Di, Fecondo G, Di Fonzo N, Pisante M. No-tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research. 2007; 92: 69–78. doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.01.012. Emam Y, Kheradnam M, Bahrani, MJ, Asad MT, Ghadiri, H. The effect of residue management on the grain yield and its components of winter wheat in continuous irrigated wheat cropping. Iranian Ournal of Agricultural Science. 2000; 31:839-850. [In Persian] Gemtos BTA, Cavalaris CK. Soil tillage effect in the sugar beet crop. First World Congress on conservation agriculture. 2001; 1-5 Oct. 2001 Madrid, Spain. Ghodsi M. Study on the effect of conservation tillage methods in comparison with the conventional methods on yield and water use efficiency of bread wheat in Chenaran city. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. The final report of research project. 2012. [In Persian] Govaerts B, Sayre KD, Deckers J. Stable high yields with zero tillage and permanent bed planting. Field Crop Research. 2005; 94:33–42. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.11.003. Guerif J, Richard G, Durr C, Machet JM, Recous S, Roger-Estrade J. A review of tillage effects on crop residue management, seed bed conditions and seedling establishment. Soil and Tillage Reseach. 2001; 61:13-32. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00187-8. Heydari A. Effect of inter- row tillage on yield and water productivity of sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural Machinery. 2020; 10 (2). 313-323. doi:10.22067/jam.v10i2.76864. [In Persian] Hobbs PR, Sayre K, Gupta R. The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2007; 363(1491): 543-555. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2169. Honarvar M, Klbasi ashtari A, Karimi KH. Estimated losses sugar in molasses in factory production based on technological quality of sugar beet. Food Technology and Nutrition. 2012; 9 (3): 31-38. [In Persian] Jabro JD, Stevens WB. Iverson WM. Evans RG. Allen BL. Crop water productivity of sugar beet asaffected by tillage. Agronomy Journal. 2014; 106(6): 2280-2286. doi:10.2134/agronj14.0186. Jat ML, Gathala MK, Ladha, JK, Saharawat YS, Jat AS, Kumar V, Sharma SK, Kuma V. Gupta R. Evaluation of precision land leveling and double zero-till systems in the rice–wheat rotation: Water use, productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 2009; 105 (1): 112-121. doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.06.003. Karimi M, Ghodsi M. Yield and water productivity of wheat in cotton-wheat rotation under different tillage and crop residue managements. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 2019; 33 (1): 81-93. doi:10.22092/jwra.2019.119116. [In Persian] Kaspar TC, Erbach DC, Cruse RM. Corn response to seed-row residue removal. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 1990; 54:1112-1117. doi:.10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040032x. Kreuz E. The influence of no –plough tillage for winter wheat in a three–course rotation on yield and yield structure. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 1990; 34(9): 635-641(Abst.). Laufer D, Koch HJ. Growth and yield formation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under strip tillagecompared to full width tillage on silt loam soil in Central Europe. European Journal of Agronomy. 2017; 82: 182–9. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2016.10.017. Montgomery DR. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 2007; 104: 13268-13272. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611508104. Opoku G, Vyn TJ. Wheat residue management options for no-till corn. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 1997; 77: 207-213. doi:10.4141/P96-128. Rashidi Z, Zare MJ, Rejali F, Ashraf mehrab A. Effect of soil tillage and integrated chemical fertilizer and bio fertilizer on quantity and quality yield of bread wheat and soil biological activity under dry land farming. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2011; 4 (2):189-206. Romaneckas K, Romaneckien R, Šarauskis E, Pilipavius V, Sakalauskas A. The effect of conservation primary and zero tillage on soil bulk density, water content, and sugarbeet growth and weed infestation. Agronomy Research. 2009; 7 (1), 73-86. Santa I. The different soil tillage for higher yield of sugar beet. Report of Research Institute of Agroecology, Michalovce, Slovak Republic. 2005. Sharifi HR, Hasanzadeh H, Ghaemi AR. Study the effects of tillage method and residue amount on yield and some traits of clover and sugar beet. Journal of Agroecology. 2017; 6 (2): 100-112. Singh Y, Ladha JK, Khind CS, Bueno CS. Effects of residue decomposition on productivity and soil fertility in rice- wheat rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2004; 68: 854-864. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2004.8540. Zarea Feizabadi A, Azizzi M. Effect of different crop rotation systems on wheat productivity in cold agro- climatic region of Khorasan-e- Razavi in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 2012; 2-28 (3) 261-275. doi: 10.22092/sppj.2017.110475. Zarea Feizabadi A, Nourihosseini M. Study on the variations of organic carbon and some nutrients insoil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research. 2013; 27 (4): 629-643. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2014.126319. [In Persian] | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 152 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 92 |
||