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تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه چای‌ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)، تحت تنش کمبود آب | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 39، شماره 3، مهر 1402، صفحه 367-386 اصل مقاله (701.6 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.360963.3269 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهور اصغری* 1؛ سودابه مفاخری2؛ محمد مهدی ضرابی3 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین | ||
| 2هیات علمی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) | ||
| 3عضو هیات علمی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: چای‌ترش با نام علمی Hibiscus sabdariffa L. گیاهی است که در بسیاری از مناطق دنیا کاشته می‌شود. چای‌ترش به‌عنوان یک گیاه دارویی در طب سنتی نقاط مختلف دنیا برای کنترل و درمان بیماری‌ها و مشکلات جسمی استفاده شده است. این اثرهای درمانی به وجود مواد مؤثره‌ای مانند کارتنوئیدها، اسیدهای چرب و ترکیبات فنولی مانند فنولیک اسیدها و فلاونوئیدها مرتبط می‌باشد. یکی از مرسوم‌ترین روش‌ها برای تحریک کردن گیاهان مختلف برای تولید مواد مؤثره بیشتر، قرار دادن آنها در معرض یکی از انواع تنش‌ها، مانند خشکی یا شوری، به همراه استفاده از محرک‌های رشد گیاهیست. در این مطالعه تأثیر سالیسیلیک اسید بر میزان محتوای فیتوشیمیایی و انواع خواص بیولوژیکی گیاه چای‌ترش در شرایط کم‌آبی، بررسی شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی، شامل دور آبیاری در سه سطح 3 روز (D1)، 5 روز (D2) و 7 روز (D3) و محلول‌پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید در سه سطح (صفر (SA0)، 0.75(SA1) و 1.5 (SA2) میلی‌مولار، در 3 تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) انجام شد. بذرهای مورد نیاز برای کشت، از شرکت پاکان بذر اصفهان تهیه شد. اعمال تنش خشکی با آبیاری در فواصل زمانی 3، 5 و 7 روز در مرحله 4 برگی گیاهان شروع شد و محلول‌پاشی گیاهان با سالیسیلیک اسید در مرحله شش برگی و 3 روز قبل از شروع تیمارهای آبیاری انجام گردید. برای تعیین سطح پایداری و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی غشاء، به‌ترتیب اندازه‌گیری مقدار نشت الکترولیت و سطح مالون دی آلدئید انجام شد. همچنین اندازه‌گیری مقدار پرولین و فعالیت سه آنزیم آنتی‌اکسیدانی پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و آسکوربیت پراکسیداز نیز در نمونه‌های مختلف انجام شد. همچنین مقدار تام ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و آنتوسیانینی به‌عنوان اصلی‌ترین متابولیت‌های ثانویه گیاه چای‌ترش نیز اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌عنوان خاصیت بیولوژیکی و دارویی نیز خاصیت مهارکنندگی رادیکال‌های آزاد DPPH و آنزیم آلفا-گلوکوزیداز ارزیابی گردید. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های بدست آمده از نرم‌افزار آماری SAS نسخه 9.4 استفاده شد. مقایسه میانگین‌های بدست آمده به‌وسیله روش آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن و در سطح 5% انجام گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که هر دو پارامتر میزان نشت الکترولیت و مقدار مالون دی آلدئید با افزایش سطح خشکی اعمالی بر روی گیاه چای‌ترش، به شکل معنی‌داری افزایش یافت و اعمال تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید به‌طور کلی منجر به کاهش سطح هر دو شاخص شد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار پرولین در گیاهان رشد کرده تحت تیمارهای بالاترین سطح خشکی و محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید بود. فعالیت هر سه آنزیم آنتی‌اکسیدان با شدت گرفتن سطح خشکی اعمال شده و بالا رفتن غلظت محلول‌های سالیسیلیک اسید افزایش یافت. همچنین بالاترین مقدار محتوای فنولی و آنتوسیانینی چای‌ترش، در نمونه‌های اسپری شده با محلول 1.5 میلی‌مولار سالسیلیک اسید مشاهده شد. براساس روند تغییرات ایجاد شده در مقدار آنتوسیانین گیاه چای‌ترش می‌توان دید که افزایش شدت سطح کم‌آبی اعمالی نیز باعث بیشتر شدن مقدار این ترکیب در گیاه می‌گردد. بالاترین قدرت ضدرادیکالی DPPH در نمونه‌های چای‌ترش رشد کرده تحت بالاترین شدت خشکی و غلیظ‌ترین سالیسیلیک اسید (61.93%) مشاهده شد. در تمامی رژیم‌های آبیاری نیز بالاترین قدرت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در نمونه‌های تیمار شده با غلیظ‌ترین محلول سالیسیلیک اسید دیده شد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده بالاترین قدرت مهار آنزیم آلفا-گلوکوزیداز با 69.2% و 67.7% به نمونه‌های گیاهی رشد کرده در بالاترین سطح خشکی اعمالی که به‌ترتیب محلول‌های 1.5 و 0.75 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید بر روی آنها اسپری شده است، مربوط می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از سالیسیلیک اسید به‌عنوان یک تنظیم‌کننده رشد می‌تواند با تأثیر بر محتوای متابولیتی به‌ویژه متابولیت‌های ثانویه مانند ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی و آنتوسیانینی و بالا بردن پارامترهای دفاعی مانند فعال کردن آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و افزایش مقدار ترکیبات اسمولیتی مانند پرولین، به گیاه چای‌ترش کمک می‌کند که مقاومت بیشتری در برابر تنش خشکی داشته باشد و اثرهای منفی این نوع تنش را بر روی این گیاه تقلیل دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش کم آبی؛ سالیسیلیک اسید؛ آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان؛ متابولیت‌های ثانویه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of salicylic acid on physiological and phytochemical parameters of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) under water shortage stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| B. Asghari1؛ S. Mafakheri2؛ M. M. Zarrabi3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Sciences Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 2Imam Khomeini International University | ||
| 3Imam Khomeini International University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: Hibiscus sabdariffa L., commonly known as Roselle, is a plant cultivated in many regions of the world regions. Roselle has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine for controlling and treating different diseases and physical ailments. These therapeutic effects are attributed to active compounds such as carotenoids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. One common method to stimulate plants for increased production of active compounds is subjecting them to various types of stresses, such as drought or salinity, along with plant growth regulators. This study investigated salicylic acid's effect on the phytochemical content and various biological properties of Roselle plants under water scarcity conditions. Methodology: The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design, including irrigation intervals at three levels: three days (D1), five days (D2), and seven days (D3), and foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels: 0 (SA0), 0.75 mM (SA1), and 1.25 mM (SA2), with three replicates in a research greenhouse at the International Imam Khomeini University. The required seeds for cultivation were obtained from Pakanbazr Company in Isfahan. The imposition of drought stress through irrigation intervals of 3, 5, and 7 days started at the 4-leaf stage of the plants, and the plant spraying with salicylic acid was performed at the 6-leaf stage, three days before the start of irrigation treatments. The measurement of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content was carried out to determine membrane stability and lipid peroxidation level. Additionally, the measurement of proline content and the activity of three antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, was performed in different samples. Furthermore, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as the main secondary metabolites of Roselle plants, were measured. The biological and medicinal properties, including the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, were also evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4. Mean comparisons were conducted using Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed both electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content increased significantly with increasing levels of applied drought stress on Roselle plants. However, overall, applying salicylic acid treatments led to a decrease in both indicators. The measurement of proline content in Roselle samples showed that the highest amount of proline was observed in plants subjected to the highest drought stress and treated with the 1.5 mM salicylic acid solution. The activity of all three antioxidant enzymes increased with the intensity of the applied drought stress and the concentration of salicylic acid solutions. Roselle's highest levels of phenolic and anthocyanin content were observed in samples sprayed with 1.5 mM salicylic acid solution. The change in anthocyanin content of Roselle plants also demonstrated that increasing the severity of water scarcity resulted in higher levels of this compound. The highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity was observed in Roselle samples grown under the highest drought severity and sprayed with the highest concentration of salicylic acid (61.93%). The highest antioxidant activity was also observed in samples treated with the highest concentration of salicylic acid solution in all irrigation regimes. The highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (69.2% and 67.7%) was associated with Roselle samples grown under the highest applied drought severity, sprayed with 1.5 mM and 0.75 mM salicylic acid solutions, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of salicylic acid as a growth regulator can contribute to the enhancement of phytochemical content, especially secondary metabolites such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthocyanins, and the elevation of defensive parameters such as the activation of antioxidant enzymes, as well as an increase in osmolyte content like proline in Roselle plants. These effects assist the plants in exhibiting greater resistance to drought stress and mitigating the negative impacts of this type of stress on the plant. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Water shortage stress, salicylic acid, antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites | ||
| مراجع | ||
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