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مقاومت آنتی‌زنوزی ژنوتیپ‌ها و ارقام آلو نسبت به کرم میوه آلو Grapholita funebrana (Treitschke) در شرایط محیطی کرج | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 38، شماره 4، دی 1401، صفحه 409-432 اصل مقاله (2.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2023.361343.1298 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسعود لطیفیان* ؛ محی الدین پیرخضری؛ راضیه قائمی | ||
| پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آلو (Prunus domestica L.) یکی از درختان میوه هسته‌دار با ارزش اقتصادی زیاد است. کرم آلو Grapholita funebrana (Treitschke) از آفات مهم آلو است و همه ساله خسارت قابل توجهی به محصول باغ های آلو وارد می کند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی مقاومت آنتی‌زنوزی ژنوتیپ ها/ارقام آلو و رابطه بین صفات فیزیکی و شیمیایی میوه آ‌نها با مقاومت به این آفت بود. این پژوهش بر روی 27 رقم و ژنوتیپ امید بخش آلو در باغ کلکسیون ذخایر توارثی پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری واقع در کمالشهر کرج در سال‌های 1399 تا 1401 به مدت سه سال انجام شد. شاخص‌های مقاومت آنتی‌زنوزی با نمونه برداری در طول فصل از جمعیت لارو برآورد شد. رابطه صفات مختلف میوه با مقاومت آنتی‌زنوزی به آفت با استفاده از ضرایب همبستگی پیرسون بررسی شد. گروه بندی ژنوتیپ ها/ارقام آلو نیز با روش تجزیه خوشهای بعمل آمد. واکنش آنتی‌زنوزی با طول، عرض، قطر، قطر مهندسی، شاخص گرد بودن و مساحت سطح میوه دارای رابطه معنی‌دار بود. حداقل شاخص استقرار نسبی لارو در آلو بخارا، ژنوتیپ 19 و ارومیه 20 معادل 0/02 و حداکثر آن در ارقام آلو: آنجلو، فریار، جی- 98، خ- مشهد و سوسورمی معادل 0/06 بود. حداقل شاخص عدم رجحان لارو در جی ملایر معادل 96/91 و حداکثر آن در آلو بخارا معادل 81/98 بود. حداقل شاخص رجحان لارو در رقم سوسورمی معادل 0/03 و حداکثر آن در رقم زوجلو معادل 1/03 بود. حداقل شاخص تجمع لارو در آلو بخارا معادل 24/6 و حداکثر آن در جی- 98 معادل 66/42 مشاهده شد. در نهایت ژنوتیپ های/ارقام مقاوم شامل بلک استار، کوئین روزا، جی- 99، جی- 98، قمی، سانتارزا، سوسورمی، آنجلو، بلک امبر و جی آر- رضائیه شناسایی شدند، و ژنوتیپ کرمانشاه حساس ترین بود. نتایج این پژوهش بخشی از اطلاعات تکمیلی برای انتخاب ارقام آلوی مناسب برای توسعه باغ های این محصول را فراهم کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آلو؛ استقرار نسبی لارو؛ تجمع لارو؛ رجحان لارو؛ عدم رجحان لارو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Antixenosis Resistance of Plum Genotypes and Cultivars to the Plum Fruit Moth Grapholitha funebrana (Treitschke) under the Environmental Conditions of Karaj in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Latifian؛ M. Pirkhezri؛ R. Ghaemi | ||
| Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Plum fruit moth Grapholita funebrana (Treitschke) is one of the important pests of plums. The aim of this study was to assess the antixenosis resistance of plum genotypes/cultivars and the effect of fruit physico-chemical characteristic on it. Twenty seven plum genotypes/cultivars in fruits tree genetic resources collection in Kemalshahr in Karaj, Iran, were considered and evaluated from 2019 to 2021 seasons. Antixenosis resistance indices were estimated by sampling larvae population during the seasons. The plum geneotypes/cultivars were grouped using cluster analysis, and the relationship between different fruit characteristics and antixenosis resistance was investigated using Pearson correlation. The antixenosis resistance indices had significant relationship with fruit length, width, diameter, engineering diameter, spherical index and fruit surface area. The minimum antixenosis index of larvae establishment ratio in Bukhara, Genotype 19 and Uromieh 20 was 0.02, and its maximum was 0.06 in Anjelo, Friar, G-98, Kh-Mashhad and Sosourmi. The minimum larval non-preference index was 91.96 in G-Melayer and its maximum was 98.81 in Bukhara. The minimum larvae preference was 0.03 in Sosourmi, and its maximum was 1.03 in Zojlo. The minimum larvae crowding index was 24.6 in Bukhara, and its maximum was 66.42 in G-98. Finally, Black Star, Queen Rosa, G99, G98, Qomi, Santa Rosa, Sosurmi, Anjelo, Black Amber, and GR-Rezaieh genotpes/cultivars were more resistant, and Kermanshah genotype was the most sensitive to plum fruit moth. The results of this research are part of the supplementary information for selection of suitable plum cultivars for development of plum orchards in Karaj and other similar envirmonetal conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Plum, larvae establishment rate, larvae crowding, larvae preference, larvae non-preference | ||
| مراجع | ||
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