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ارزیابی حجم آب کاربردی و بهره وری آب آبیاری در کانون های تولید گردوی کشور | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 23، شماره 89، اسفند 1401، صفحه 1-20 اصل مقاله (1.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2023.361315.1534 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نادر عباسی* 1؛ رضا بهراملو2؛ معین الدین رضوانی2؛ علی قدمی فیروزآبادی2؛ افشین یوسف گمرکچی3؛ رامین نیکان فر4؛ ابوالفضل ناصری4؛ فریبرز عباسی1؛ رحیم علیمحمدی نافچی5؛ محمد عباسی6؛ مصطفی گودرزی7؛ محمدعلی شاهرخ نیا8؛ حمید ریاحی9؛ ثمر بهروزی نیا6؛ سمیرا واحدی6 | ||
| 1موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 4بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 5بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهار محال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 6بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 7بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 8بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 9بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حجم آب کاربردی محصولات کشاورزی به عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های کلیدی ارزیابی مصارف آب در بخش کشاورزی، نقش بسیار مهمی در برنامه‌ریزی‌های کلان در حوزه کشاورزی و مدیریت منابع آب دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین حجم آب کاربردی محصول گردو تحت مدیریت باغداران در مناطق مختلف کشور و بدون دخالت در برنامه آبیاری باغداران انجام شده است. بدین منظور پایش و اندازه‌گیری میدانی شاخص‌های مورد بررسی در باغات گردو طی دو سال زراعی (97-1396 و 98-1397) در 11 استان کشور انجام گردید و بر اساس آن مقادیر حجم آب کاربردی و بهره‌وری آب آبیاری در باغ‌های منتخب تعیین شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد، حجم آب کاربردی باغات گردو در مناطق مورد مطالعه از 3050 تا 14800 مترمکعب در هکتار متغیر و میانگین وزنی آن در سطح کشور حدود 7000 مترمکعب در هکتار بوده است. همچنین حجم آب کاربردی در باغ‌های منتخب در دو روش آبیاری سطحی و قطرهای به‌ترتیب برابر 7675 و 5709 مترمکعب در هکتار به دست آمد. میانگین دو ساله عملکرد گردو در مناطق تولید از 520 تا 3280 کیلوگرم بر هکتار متغیر و میانگین وزنی آن 1235 کیلوگرم بر هکتار بود. بر این اساس شاخص بهره‌وری آب آبیاری از 04/0 تا 71/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب متغیر و میانگین وزنی آن در سطح کشور حدود 20/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بوده است. نتایج کلی پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در استان‌های مورد بررسی حجم آب کاربردی باغات گردو کمتر از نیاز ناخالص آبی این محصول بوده و به‌نوعی کم‌آبیاری اجباری در باغات گردو صورت گرفته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| باغات گردو؛ بهره‌وری آب؛ نیاز آبی گردو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the Volume of Applied Water and Agricultural Water Productivity in Walnut Production Regions in the Country | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nader Abbassi1؛ REZA BAHRAMLOO2؛ moin rezvani2؛ Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi2؛ afshin uossef gomrokchi3؛ ramin nikanfar4؛ abolfazl nasseri4؛ Fariborz Abbasi1؛ Rahim Alimohammadi Nafchi5؛ mohammad abasi6؛ Mustafa Goodarzi7؛ Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia8؛ hamid riahi9؛ Samar Behrouzinia6؛ samira vahedi6 | ||
| 1Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Institute Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, | ||
| 3Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO | ||
| 4Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, East Azarbaijan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) | ||
| 5Agricultural Engineering Research Institute Department, Chahar mahal and Bakhtiyri, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, | ||
| 6Soil and Water Research Department ,Zanjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension | ||
| 7Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO | ||
| 8Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) | ||
| 9Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Walnut is one of the most valuable garden products of the country, which will be very profitable for gardeners if the water and food needs are met on time. During the growth period, the walnut tree goes through different stages, during these stages, the lack of sufficient and timely irrigation will affect not only the crop of the same year, but also the quantitative and qualitative production of the next years. The results of various researches have shown that the walnut tree is sensitive to the lack of water and the lack of soil moisture leads to a decrease in yield and the quality of the product in terms of color and size. Researches in the country are mainly focused on determining the water requirements of walnut trees, the effects of low irrigation and the quality of irrigation water on the quantitative and qualitative performance of walnuts, and not many researches have been done on determining the amount of water used by walnut trees in the country. The review of the articles shows that walnut is one of the water-bearing products among garden products, and due to the severe limitation of water resources in the centers of production of this product in the world, many researches focused on determining the amount of water used for walnut trees and low management. It has been irrigated. On the other hand, the researches carried out in the country have mainly been carried out either in limited areas or in the form of research projects on the scale of experimental plots. Therefore, there is almost no comprehensive report on measuring and estimating the volume of water used for this water-bearing product in the country. Based on this, in the current research, the amount of water consumed by walnut gardeners in the country has been measured. Methodology Considering that the main purpose of the research was to measure the volume of water used for walnut production in different regions of the country, the water given by gardeners for walnut production during two cropping seasons was measured without interfering in irrigation management and at the level of users' gardens. Is. In this research, due to the fact that the yield of walnut is affected by the age and climatic factors such as frosts, the measurements were made during two consecutive crop years 1396-1397 and 1397-1398. Based on this, the provinces of Hamedan, Kerman, Lorestan, East Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Zanjan, Fars, Markazi and Qazvin, where the area under cultivation and the amount of walnut production in them are about 70 and 75% of the whole country, respectively. include, were selected as pilot areas for the implementation of the current research. After that, in each province, city or cities, the top producers of the mentioned product were determined in terms of the level of cultivation and production, and finally, the desired gardens were selected in the cities. In this regard, we tried to select the gardens in such a way that they cover most of the conditions such as climate, garden area, planting intervals, soil texture, water and soil salinity, irrigation methods and different managements, etc. The volume of water supplied was measured with the WSC flume or ultrasonic flow meter without interfering with the irrigation program. Results and Discussion The results of the research showed that the volume of applied water of walnut orchards in the studied areas varied from 3050 to 14800 m3/ha and its weighted average in the country was about 7000 m3/ha. Also, the amount of water used in the selected gardens in two methods of surface and drip irrigation was obtained as 7675 and 5709 m3/ha, respectively. The two-year average yield of walnuts in the production areas varied from 520 to 3280 kg/ha and its weight average was 1235 kg/ha. Based on this, the productivity index of irrigation water varies from 0.04 to 0.71 kg/m3 and its average weight in the country is about 0.20 kg/m3. The general results of the research indicate that in the investigated provinces, the amount of water used in walnut orchards is less than the gross water requirement of this product and there is a kind of forced under-irrigation in walnut orchards. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Walnut orchards, Water productivity, Water requirement of walnut | ||
| مراجع | ||
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