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اثر آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ متحمل به ریزش کنجد (.Sesamum indicum، L) در کرج و مشهد | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 38، شماره 3، مهر 1401، صفحه 283-303 اصل مقاله (1.46 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2023.361411.1299 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید غلامحسینی* 1؛ حمیدرضا بابائی2؛ سعداله منصوری1؛ فرناز شریعتی1 | ||
| 1موسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در ارتباط با مدیریت زراعی از جمله آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بهینه ژنوتیپ وارداتی متحمل به ریزش کنجد اطلاعاتی در اختیار نیست. بدین منظور آزمایشی در دو سال 1399 و 1400 در مزارع پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر (کرج) و مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی (مشهد) اجرا شد. در این پژوهش اثر فاصله ردیف-های30، 45 و 60 سانتی‌متر و فاصله بوته‌روی ردیف 5، 8، 11 و 14 سانتی‌متر در قالب الگوهای کشت مستطیلی تا مربعی- مستطیلی بر عملکرد ژنوتیپ کنجد متحمل به ریزش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در هر مکان، آزمایش به صورت بلوک‌های خرد شده (نواری) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو مکان با کاهش فاصله بین ردیف‌ها و بین بوته‌ها که نتیجه آن افزایش تراکم بوته در واحد سطح است، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. از طرف دیگر با کاهش تراکم بوته در واحد سطح تعداد کپسول در بوته و تعداد دانه در کپسول به‌طور معنی-داری افزایش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در منطقه کرج (1342 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از آرایش کاشت 8×45 سانتی متر و در مشهد (604 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از آرایش کاشت 11×45 سانتی متر حاصل شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که برای هر منطقه آرایش کاشت و تراکم بهینه‌ای وجود دارد که در کشت‌های متراکم‌تر از آن به دلیل افزایش رقابت بین بوته‌ها و در کشت-های تنک‌تر به دلیل عدم بهره‌برداری مناسب از منابع، امکان دستیابی به بیشینه عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ متحمل به ریزش کنجد مقدور نمی‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کنجد؛ فاصله بین ردیف؛ فاصله روی ردیف؛ عملکرد دانه؛ اجزای عملکرد؛ درصد روغن دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Planting Arrangement and Plant Density on Seed Yield of Shattering Tolerant Sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.) Genotype in Karaj and Mashhad in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Gholamhoseini1؛ H. R. Babaei2؛ S. Mansouri1؛ F. Shariati1 | ||
| 1Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Since there is no information available regarding crop management, including proper planting arrangement and optimal planting density, of the imported shattering tolerant sesame genotypes, field experiments were carried out in research fields of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, and Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran, in 2019 and 2020. The effect of experimental factors including; 30, 45 and 60 cm inter row spacing, and 5, 8, 11 and 14 cm intra row spacing were evaluated as split blocks (strips) arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that there was reduction in number of sub-branches in both locations due to reduction in inter row spacing and intra row spacing. On the other hand, the reduction in plant density m-2 increased the number of capsules plant-1 and seed number capsule-1. The highest seed yield (1342 and 604 kg ha-1 in Karaj and Mashhad, respectively) obtained from the 45 × 8 and 45 × 11 planting arrangement in Karaj and Mashhad, respectively. Generally, the results indicated that there is an optimal planting arrangement and planting density for each location. Therefore, due to increased competition between plants in high plant density and lack of proper utilization of resources in low plant density, it would not be possible to attain the highest yield potential of shattering tolerant sesame genotype in high and low plant density. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Sesame, inter row spacing, intra row spacing, seed yield, yield components, seed oil content | ||
| مراجع | ||
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