| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,800 |
| تعداد مقالات | 31,788 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 40,308,670 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,754,063 |
پاسخ کمی و کیفی عملکرد ذرت دانه ای تحت تاثیر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی و مصرف نیتروژن | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 135، تیر 1401، صفحه 105-85 اصل مقاله (565.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2023.354173.1542 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احسان اله زیدعلی1؛ روح اله مرادی* 2؛ امین فتحی3 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام | ||
| 2گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان | ||
| 3دکتری تخصصی زراعت و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ارتباط کشاورزی حفاظتی با روش‌های خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد نیتروژن، برای درک بهتر نقش آنها در عملکرد آگرو اکوسیستم‌ها حیاتی می باشد. به همین منظور آزمایشی بهصورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1398-1396 در شهرستان دره شهر، استان ایلام انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه روش خاک‌ورزی شامل خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی (استفاده از خاک ورز مرکب و فاروئر)، متداول (یکبار گاو آهن برگردان دار+ یکبار دیسک+ فاروئر) و فشرده (دوبارگاو آهن برگردان دار+ دوبار دیسک+ فاروئر) بعنوان عامل اصلی و نیتروژن در پنج سطح شامل عدم مصرف و مصرف 50 ، 100 ،150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی اوره در کرت فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (7615 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با روش خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی بدست آمد که نسبت به خاک‌ورزی فشرده و خاک‌ورزی متداول به ترتیب 3/22 و 8/5 درصد افزایش نشان داد. همچنین، مصرف 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بیشترین عملکرد دانه را دارا بود که نسبت به حالت عدم مصرف نیتروژن 21 درصد افزایش نشان داد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که در تیمار خاک‌ورزی متداول محتوی کلروفیل a ، b و کل نسبت به خاک‌ورزی فشرده به ترتیب 4/8، 7/23 و 6/12درصد افزایش نشان داد. با توجه به نتایج اجرای خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی نسبت به نظام خاک‌ورزی متداول و فشرده اثر سودمند تری بر افزایش خصوصیات رشد، عملکرد کمی و کیفی و اجزای عملکرد داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پروتئین؛ شاخص برداشت؛ شخم؛ کلروفیل؛ کشاورزی حفاظتی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Quantitative and qualitative response of maize yield to tillage systems and nitrogen chemical fertilizer | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ehsan Zeidali1؛ Rooholla Moradi2؛ Amin Fathi3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Productions, Agricultural Faculty of Bardsir, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 3Agronomy PhD and member of Young Researchers Club of Islamic Azad University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important grains in Iran and across the world with a large cultivation area. This crop plays a vital role in industry, human nutrition and animal feed. The relationship between conservation agriculture and tillage methods and nitrogen application is critical to better understanding their role in agro-ecosystem yield. For successful production, tillage systems are one of the essential operations in corn cultivation (Fathi and Zeidali, 2021). Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for crops, especially corn, which, if not consumed in sufficient quantities, can limit plant growth. It has been reported that higher or lower nitrogen consumption has a negative effect on crop growth and production (Taheri et al., 2021). There are plenty of attempts to investigate the combining effect of the conservation tillage methods (including reduced or no-tillage) with nitrogen fertilizer application and previous crop residues. This combined strategy could be recommended as one of the most effective approaches to improve maize performance and achieve sustainable agriculture (Kihara et al., 2011). Accordingly, considering the importance sustainable agricultural, it is essential to optimally use nitrogen and also improve soil properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tillage and nitrogen combined methods on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn. Materials and Methods This experiment was performed as a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017-2019 in Darreh-shahr city, Ilam province. Experimental treatments included three levels of tillage including conservation tillage (using compound tillage and farrower), conventional tillage (once reversible plow + once disc + farrower) and intensive tillage (double reversible plow + twice disc + farrower) as the main plot and chemical fertilizer Nitrogen at five levels included no chemical fertilizer application, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 as sub-plot. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest grain yield (7615.9 kg ha-1) was obtained in conservation tillage treatment which showed an increase of 22.3% and 5.8% compared to intensive and conventional tillage, respectively. Also, application of 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer had the highest grain yield, which showed a 21% increase compared to the absence of nitrogen. The results of mean comparison showed that in conventional tillage treatment contents of chlorophyll a, b and total showed 8.4%, 23.7% and 12.6% increase compared to intensive tillage, respectively. Comparison mean of nitrogen treatment showed that contents of chlorophyll a, b and total at 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer were 10.92, 3.59 and 14.51 mg g-1 fresh weight, respectively. Consumption of 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer included the highest nitrogen contents of dry matter (1.27%). The results also showed that the highest nitrogen contents of dry matter was assigned to the second year and conservation tillage by 1.25% and the lowest was obtained in the first year and conventional tillage (1.1%). These parameters can be augmented the N and other elements absorption. Moreover, decomposition of organic matters is accelerating in conventional tillage because of more incorporation of residues with the soil. As a result of this process, more nutrient elements were probably absorbed by the roots and enhanced the grain yield, consequently. Conclusion: According to the results of conservation tillage, it had a more beneficial effect on increasing growth characteristics, yield, yield components and nutrients than conventional and intensive tillage system. It can be stated that the implementation of conservation tillage is able to help absorb nitrogen, which improves yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Protein, Harvest index, Plowing, Chlorophyll, Conservation agriculture | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Acharya, C.L., and Sharma, P.D. 2019. Tillage and mulch effects on soil physical environment, root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of maize and wheat on an Alfisol in north-west India. Soil and Tillage Research, 32: 291-302. Amanullah, H., Marwat, K.B., Shah, P., Maula, N., and Arifullah, S. 2009. Nitrogen levels and its time of application influence leaf area, height and biomass of maize planted at low and high density. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(2), 761-768. Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy journal, 23(1), 112-121. Ashraf, M., Ali, Q., and Rha, E.S. 2005. The effect of applied nitrogen on the growth and nutrient concentration of Kalonji (Nigella sativa). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 45(4), 459-463. Bodner, G., Nakhforoosh, A., and Kaul, H.P. 2015. Management of crop water under drought: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35:401–442. Dalal, R.C., Allen, D.E., Wang, W.J., Reeves, S., and Gibson, I. 2011. Organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in a Vertisol following 40 years of no-tillage, crop residue retention and nitrogen fertilization. Soil and Tillage Research. 112: 133–139. Divito, G.A, Hernan, R., Rozas, S., Echeverra, H.E., Studdert, G.A., and Wyngaard, N. 2011. Long term nitrogen fertilization: Soil property changes in an Argentinean Pampas soil under no tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 114: 117–126. Eyni, H., Mirzaei Heydari, M., and Fathi, A. 2022. Investigation of application of urea fertilizer, mycorrhiza and foliar application of humic acid on quantitative and qualitative properties of canola. Crop Science Research in Arid Regions, 4(2), 405-420. (In Persian with English Summary). Fathi, A. 2020. Tillage systems and use of chemical fertilizers (N.P.K) Interaction on soil properties and maize quantitative and qualitative traits. Faculty of Agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch.1-131. Fathi, A. 2022. Role of nitrogen (N) in plant growth, photosynthesis pigments, and N use efficiency: A review. Agrisost, 28: 1-8. Fathi, A., and Zeidali, E. 2021. Conservation tillage and nitrogen fertilizer: a review of corn growth and yield and weed management. Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation, 1(3), 121-142. Fathi, A., Barari Tari, D., Fallah Amoli, H., and Niknejad, Y. 2020. Study of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in corn production systems: influence of different tillage systems and use of fertilizer. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(6), 769-778. Ghadirnezhad Shiade, S.R., Fathi, A., Taghavi Ghasemkheili, F., Amiri, E., and Pessarakli, M. 2022. Plants’ responses under drought stress conditions: Effects of strategic management approaches—a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1-33. Guillou, C.L., Angers, D.A., Leterme, P., and Menasseri-Aubry, S. 2011. Differential and successive effects of residue quality and soil mineral N on water-stable aggregation during crop residue decomposition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43: 1955-1960. Habtegebrial, K., Singh, B.R., and Haile, M. 2007. Impact of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on yield, nitrogen use efficiency of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) and soil properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 94: 55-63. Hussain, I., Olson, K.R., and Ebelhar, S.A. 1999. Impacts of tillage and no-till on production of maize and soybean on an eroded Illinois silt loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 52(1-2), 37-49. Imani, R., Samdeliri, M., and Mirkalaei, A.M. 2022. The effect of different tillage methods and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 1-11. Issaka, F., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z.Q., Asenso, E., Li, J.H., Li, Y.T., and Wang, J.J. 2019. Sustainable conservation tillage improves soil nutrients and reduces nitrogen and phosphorous losses in maize farmland in southern China. Sustainability, 11(8), 2397. Jackson, M.C. 1964. Soil Chemical Analysis. Constable and Co. Ltd. London. pp: 183-192. Kihara, J., Bationo, A., Mugendi, D.N., Martius, C., and Vlek, P.L. 2011. Conservation tillage, local organic resources, and nitrogen fertilizer combinations affect maize productivity, soil Structure and nutrient balances in semi-arid Kenya. In Innovations as key to the green revolution in Africa (pp. 155-167). Springer, Dordrecht. Lamptey, S., Li, L., and Yeboah, S. 2018. Reduced tillage practices without crop retention improved soil aggregate stability and maize (Zea mays L.) yield. Ghana Journal of Horticulture (JHORT), 13(1), 50-69. Maleck, I., and Blecharczyk, A. 2006. Effect of tillage system, mulches and nitrogen fertihzation on spring barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Agronomy Research, 6 (2), 517-529. Marashi, S.K., and Shamoradi, F. 2020. Effect of biological and chemical nitrogen sources on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.). Applied Field Crops Research, 32(04), 76-90. (In Persian with English Summary). Mohammadi, E., Asghari, H.R., Gholami, A., and Khorramdel, S. 2017. Evaluation of net primary productivity and carbon allocation to different parts of corn in different tillage and nutrient management systems. Agroecology, 9(1), 262-275. (In Persian with English Summary). Monneveux, P., Zaidi, P., and Sanchez, C. 2005. Population density and low nitrogen affects yield-associated traits in tropical maize. Crop Science, 45: 535-545. Nasar, J., Wang, G.Y., Ahmad, S., Muhammad, I., Zeeshan, M., Gitari, H., ... and Hasan, M.E. 2022. Nitrogen fertilization coupled with iron foliar application improves the photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, and the related enzymes of maize crops under different planting patterns. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 988055. Nassiri Mahallati, M., Bahamin, S., Fathi, A., and Beheshti, S.A. 2022. The effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of maize using meta-analysis method. Applied Field Crops Research, 35(1), 53-35. (In Persian with English Summary). Nguu, N.V. 2017. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and soil and crop residues management practices on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in ultisol of eastern Cameroon. Fertilizer Research, 14: 135-142. Paré, T., Gregorich, E.G., and Nelson, S.D. 2000. Mineralization of nitrogen from crop residues and N recovery by maize inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil, 218:1-2, 11-20 Plénet, D., and Lemaire, G., 2000. Relationships between dynamics of nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation in maize crops. Determination of critical N con- centration. Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, 216: 65–82. Qiu, S.J., He, P., Zhao, S.C., Li, W.J., Xie, J.G., Hou, Y.P., ... and Jin, J.Y. 2015. Impact of nitrogen rate on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in northeast China. Agronomy Journal, 107(1), 305-313. Rahimizadeh, M., Kashani, A., Zare-Feizabadi, A., Koocheki, A.R., and Nassiri-Mahallati, M. 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency of wheat as affected by preceding crop, application rate of nitrogen and crop residues. Australian journal of crop science, 4(5), 363. Ramroudi, M., Majnoun Hosseini, N., Hossenzadeh, H., Mazahei, D., and Hosseini, M.B. 2011. Effects of cover crops, tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and yield of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Agronomy Journal (Pajohesh and Sazandege), 92: 19-23. (In Persian with English Summary). Sakala, W.D., Cadisch, G., and Giller, K.E. 2020. Interactions between residues of maize and pigeonpea and mineral N fertilizers during decomposition and N mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32: 679-688. Saudy, H.S., and Mohamed El–Metwally, I. 2023. Effect of irrigation, nitrogen sources, and metribuzin on performance of maize and its weeds. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 54(1), 22-35. Shirani, H., Hajabbasi, M.A., Afyuni, M., and Hemmat, A. 2002. Effects of farmyard manure and tillage systems on soil physical properties and corn yield in central Iran. Soil and tillage research, 68(2), 101-108. Simić, M., Dragičević, V., Mladenović Drinić, S., Vukadinović, J., Kresović, B., Tabaković, M., and Brankov, M. 2020. The contribution of soil tillage and nitrogen rate to the quality of maize grain. Agronomy, 10(7), 976. Singer, J.W., Kohler, K.A., Liebman, M., Richard, T.L., Cambardella, C.A., and Buhler, D.D. 2004. Tillage and compost affect yield of corn, soybean, and wheat and soil fertility. Agronomy Journal, 96(2), 531-537. Taheri, F., Maleki, A., and Fathi, A. 2021. Study of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Quinoa grain yield. Crop physiology journal, 13(50), 135-149. (In Persian with English Summary). Tueche, J.R., and Hauser, S. 2011. Maize (Zea mays L.) yield and soil physical properties as affected by the previous plantain cropping systems, tillage and nitrogen application. Soil and Tillage Research, 115, 88-93. Wang, X., Dai, K., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, Q., ... and Oenema, O. 2011. Dryland maize yields and water use efficiency in response to tillage/crop stubble and nutrient management practices in China. Field Crops Research, 120(1), 47-57. Wasaya, A., Tahir, M., Yasir, T.A., Akram, M., Farooq, O., and Sarwar, N. 2018. Soil physical properties, nitrogen uptake and grain quality of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by tillage systems and nitrogen application. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 13(4), 324-331. Wozniak A., Wesolowski, M., and Soroka, M. 2015. Effect of long-term reduced tillage on grain yield, grain quality and weed infestation of spring wheat. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 17: 899-908. Yue, K., Li, L., Xie, J., Wang, L., Liu, Y., and Anwar, S. 2022. Tillage and nitrogen supply affects maize yield by regulating photosynthetic capacity, hormonal changes and grain filling in the Loess Plateau. Soil and Tillage Research, 218, 105317. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 294 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 275 |
||