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پاسخ کمی و کیفی عملکرد ذرت دانه ای تحت تاثیر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی و مصرف نیتروژن | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 135، تیر 1401، صفحه 105-85 اصل مقاله (565.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2023.354173.1542 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احسان اله زیدعلی1؛ روح اله مرادی* 2؛ امین فتحی3 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام | ||
| 2گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان | ||
| 3دکتری تخصصی زراعت و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ارتباط کشاورزی حفاظتی با روش‌های خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد نیتروژن، برای درک بهتر نقش آنها در عملکرد آگرو اکوسیستم‌ها حیاتی می باشد. به همین منظور آزمایشی بهصورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1398-1396 در شهرستان دره شهر، استان ایلام انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه روش خاک‌ورزی شامل خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی (استفاده از خاک ورز مرکب و فاروئر)، متداول (یکبار گاو آهن برگردان دار+ یکبار دیسک+ فاروئر) و فشرده (دوبارگاو آهن برگردان دار+ دوبار دیسک+ فاروئر) بعنوان عامل اصلی و نیتروژن در پنج سطح شامل عدم مصرف و مصرف 50 ، 100 ،150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی اوره در کرت فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (7615 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با روش خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی بدست آمد که نسبت به خاک‌ورزی فشرده و خاک‌ورزی متداول به ترتیب 3/22 و 8/5 درصد افزایش نشان داد. همچنین، مصرف 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بیشترین عملکرد دانه را دارا بود که نسبت به حالت عدم مصرف نیتروژن 21 درصد افزایش نشان داد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که در تیمار خاک‌ورزی متداول محتوی کلروفیل a ، b و کل نسبت به خاک‌ورزی فشرده به ترتیب 4/8، 7/23 و 6/12درصد افزایش نشان داد. با توجه به نتایج اجرای خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی نسبت به نظام خاک‌ورزی متداول و فشرده اثر سودمند تری بر افزایش خصوصیات رشد، عملکرد کمی و کیفی و اجزای عملکرد داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پروتئین؛ شاخص برداشت؛ شخم؛ کلروفیل؛ کشاورزی حفاظتی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Quantitative and qualitative response of maize yield to tillage systems and nitrogen chemical fertilizer | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ehsan Zeidali1؛ Rooholla Moradi2؛ Amin Fathi3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Productions, Agricultural Faculty of Bardsir, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran | ||
| 3Agronomy PhD and member of Young Researchers Club of Islamic Azad University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important grains in Iran and across the world with a large cultivation area. This crop plays a vital role in industry, human nutrition and animal feed. The relationship between conservation agriculture and tillage methods and nitrogen application is critical to better understanding their role in agro-ecosystem yield. For successful production, tillage systems are one of the essential operations in corn cultivation (Fathi and Zeidali, 2021). Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for crops, especially corn, which, if not consumed in sufficient quantities, can limit plant growth. It has been reported that higher or lower nitrogen consumption has a negative effect on crop growth and production (Taheri et al., 2021). There are plenty of attempts to investigate the combining effect of the conservation tillage methods (including reduced or no-tillage) with nitrogen fertilizer application and previous crop residues. This combined strategy could be recommended as one of the most effective approaches to improve maize performance and achieve sustainable agriculture (Kihara et al., 2011). Accordingly, considering the importance sustainable agricultural, it is essential to optimally use nitrogen and also improve soil properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tillage and nitrogen combined methods on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn. Materials and Methods This experiment was performed as a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017-2019 in Darreh-shahr city, Ilam province. Experimental treatments included three levels of tillage including conservation tillage (using compound tillage and farrower), conventional tillage (once reversible plow + once disc + farrower) and intensive tillage (double reversible plow + twice disc + farrower) as the main plot and chemical fertilizer Nitrogen at five levels included no chemical fertilizer application, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 as sub-plot. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest grain yield (7615.9 kg ha-1) was obtained in conservation tillage treatment which showed an increase of 22.3% and 5.8% compared to intensive and conventional tillage, respectively. Also, application of 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer had the highest grain yield, which showed a 21% increase compared to the absence of nitrogen. The results of mean comparison showed that in conventional tillage treatment contents of chlorophyll a, b and total showed 8.4%, 23.7% and 12.6% increase compared to intensive tillage, respectively. Comparison mean of nitrogen treatment showed that contents of chlorophyll a, b and total at 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer were 10.92, 3.59 and 14.51 mg g-1 fresh weight, respectively. Consumption of 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer included the highest nitrogen contents of dry matter (1.27%). The results also showed that the highest nitrogen contents of dry matter was assigned to the second year and conservation tillage by 1.25% and the lowest was obtained in the first year and conventional tillage (1.1%). These parameters can be augmented the N and other elements absorption. Moreover, decomposition of organic matters is accelerating in conventional tillage because of more incorporation of residues with the soil. As a result of this process, more nutrient elements were probably absorbed by the roots and enhanced the grain yield, consequently. Conclusion: According to the results of conservation tillage, it had a more beneficial effect on increasing growth characteristics, yield, yield components and nutrients than conventional and intensive tillage system. It can be stated that the implementation of conservation tillage is able to help absorb nitrogen, which improves yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Protein, Harvest index, Plowing, Chlorophyll, Conservation agriculture | ||
| مراجع | ||
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